Characteristics Associated with Utilization of Asthma-Related Traditional Chinese Medicine Services among Asthma Children in Taiwan: A Nationwide Cohort Study

Table 2

Children, parent, and provider characteristics associated with TCM uses.

Child’s characteristics	Crude OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)
Age (ref.: infant and toddler)
Preschool	2.11 (1.85, 2.42)	1.72 (1.49, 1.99)
School	2.03 (1.77, 2.32)	1.50 (1.28, 1.75)
Adolescent	1.45 (1.23, 1.72)	0.91 (0.75, 1.11)
Sex (ref.: girls)
Boys	1.09 (1.01, 1.17)	1.12 (1.04, 1.20)
Previous use of TCM (ref.: no)
Yes	6.18 (5.73, 6.66)	6.33 (5.83, 6.87)
Previous hospitalization (ref.: no)
Yes	1.17 (1.07, 1.29)	1.16 (1.05, 1.29)
Controller medication used (ref.: no)
Yes	1.23 (1.14, 1.32)	1.07 (0.98, 1.16)
Systematic or oral corticosteroid used (ref.: no)
Yes	1.10 (1.02, 1.17)	1.08 (1.00, 1.18)
Number of outpatient visits in one year (ref.: <3)
3	1.24 (1.15, 1.33)	1.15 (1.06, 1.25)
Density of TCM and WM doctors (ref.: low TCM and low WM)
Low TCM and high WM	0.96 (0.83, 1.12)	0.92 (0.77, 1.09)
High TCM and low WM	0.95 (0.84, 1.07)	0.90 (0.78, 1.03)
High TCM and high WM	1.09 (0.98, 1.21)	1.00 (0.89, 1.12)
Incident year (ref.: 2005)
2006	1.00 (0.90, 1.12)	1.00 (0.89, 1.12)
2007	1.07 (0.96, 1.19)	1.03 (0.92, 1.15)
2008	1.21 (1.08, 1.35)	1.03 (0.91, 1.17)
2009	1.31 (1.16, 1.47)	1.17 (1.03, 1.33)
2010	1.06 (0.93, 1.21)	0.91 (0.79, 1.06)
Parental characteristics
Parent’s insurance wage (ref.: 40000 NTD)
<20000 NTD	0.83 (0.76, 0.92)	0.84 (0.76, 0.94)
20000~39999 NTD	0.94 (0.85, 1.03)	0.93 (0.84, 1.02)
Special group	0.89 (0.80, 1.01)	0.87 (0.76, 0.99)
Provider’s characteristics
Age (40)
41~50	1.08 (1.01, 1.17)	1.09 (1.00, 1.18)
51	1.05 (0.95, 1.17)	1.10 (0.97, 1.24)
Sex (ref.: female)
Male	0.90 (0.82, 0.99)	0.90 (0.80, 1.02)
Specialty  (ref.: family medicine)
Internal medicine	1.21 (1.00, 1.47)	1.23 (0.99, 1.52)
Pediatrics	1.27 (1.11, 1.46)	1.17 (1.00, 1.38)
Other	1.21 (1.04, 1.42)	1.19 (1.00, 1.42)
Ownership (ref.: public)
Private	0.97 (0.86, 1.10)	1.06 (0.92, 1.23)
Accreditation level (ref.: hospital)
Clinic	0.92 (0.86, 0.98)	0.93 (0.85, 1.01)

Statistically significance (-value < 0.05).