Effect of Oenothera odorata Root Extract on Microgravity and Disuse-Induced Muscle Atrophy

Figure 4

Effect of EVP on ceramide level by microgravity in C2C12 myoblasts. After culturing with media for 24 hr, NAC (2 mM) or EVP (50 μg/mL) was added with serum-free medium for 24 hr. Then 3D-clinorotation was subjected for 24 hr with DMEM containing 10% (v/v) FBS. Lipids were extracted from the C2C12 myoblasts pellets with ethanol containing C₁₇-ceramide as internal standard. The C₁₇- and C₁₈-ceramides in the extract were separated by thin-layer chromatography and deacylated with ceramidase. Ceramide quantification was performed by HPLC, as described in Section 2. Each value represents the mean (±SD) from three experiments. NAC: N-acetyl cysteine. and versus microgravity alone.