Improvement in Long-Term Memory following Chronic Administration of Eryngium planum Root Extract in Scopolamine Model: Behavioral and Molecular Study

Table 1

Metabolites detected in the EP extract by HPLC-UV-MS.

Number	RT [min]	MW	Fragmentation in negative ion mode ESI(−)	Fragmentation in positive ion mode ESI(+)	Maximum of absorbance [nm]	Compound identification	Identification level^a	References
1	6,5	187		188, 146	275	Tyrosine	1	std
2	7,7	204		206, 166	280	Tryptophan	1	std
3	8,6	490		491, 329, 149, 147	270	p-Coumaric acid diglucoside	3	[36]
4	9,9	296		297, 147	280sh	p-Coumaric acid pentoside	3	[36]
5	9	552	389, 193		280sh	Ferulic acid derivative	3	[20]
6	11	666	665, 503, 252, 161		270	Caffeic acid, triglucoside	3	[36]
7	13,6	342	341, 161, 119		285	Caffeic acid, glucoside	2	[36]
8	14,4	474	473, 359, 179, 161		280, 300	Rosmarinic acid, pentoside	3	[17]
9	15	846	847, 845, 685, 523, 361, 341		285, 305sh	Rosmarinic acid, triglucoside	3	[17]
10	15,4	684	683, 521, 359, 197		280, 320	Rosmarinic acid diglucoside	3	[17]
11	16	656	655, 493, 331, 323, 161		280, 305	Caffeoyl-trihydroxybenzoic acid, diglucoside	3	[20]
12	17,3	698	697, 637, 475, 397		275	Unidentified
13	19,6	522	521, 359, 197, 179, 161		325sh	Rosmarinic acid, glucoside	2	[17]
14	21,5	1284	1283, 1121, 959, 797, 635, 473		250	Triterpenoid saponin
15	22	1138	1137, 975, 813, 651, 567		250	Triterpenoid saponin
16	22,6	1136	1135, 925, 763, 601, 439		260	Triterpenoid saponin
17	23,9	360	359, 197, 179		320sh	Rosmarinic acid	2	[17]
18	24,6	536	535, 359, 197, 179		320sh	Rosmarinic acid, glucuronide	3	[17]
19	25,1	974	973, 925, 811, 763, 613, 537, 455, 423		280	Triterpenoid saponin
20	25,4	1180	1179, 1017, 855, 765, 651, 604		275	Triterpenoid saponin
21	25,8	1122	1121, 959, 797, 635, 473, 423, 409		280	Triterpenoid saponin
22	26,8	844	843, 663, 573		275	Triterpenoid saponin
23	27,3	992	991, 829, 667, 618, 455		275	Triterpenoid saponin
24	27,6	1106	1105, 943, 781, 619		280	Triterpenoid saponin
25	28,5	886	885, 723, 615, 555, 405		280	Hex-triterpenoid acid
26	28,9	976	975, 925, 813, 651, 567, 489, 439		270	Barringtogenol C, triglucoside	3	[37]
27	30,3	1252	1251, 1089, 751, 927, 589		230	triterpenoid saponin	3	[30]
28	31,3	1092	1091, 959, 797, 635, 580			Triterpenoid saponin
29	31,5	1120	1119, 957, 909, 747, 585		230, 280	Triterpenoid saponin	3	[30]
30	31,7	342	341, 179		305	Decaffeinate	3	[20]
31	31,5	968	967, 805, 787, 697		230, 280	3-O--D-Glucopyranosyl-(1→2)--d-glucuronopyranosyl-21-O-acetyl-22-O-angeloyl-R1-barrigenol II isomer	2	[30]
32	32	1104	1103, 1085, 1041, 865, 833, 703, 567		230, 280	Triterpenoid saponin	3	[30]
33	32,5	1090	1089, 927, 751, 589		280	Triterpenoid saponin	3	[30]
34	33	958	957, 795, 751, 589		280	Triterpenoid saponin
35	33,1	942	941, 809, 779, 671, 601, 557, 491, 389		280	Triterpenoid saponin
36	33,5	1266	1265, 1103, 941, 779, 617, 409		280	Triterpenoid saponin
37	33,7	1016	1015, 967, 853, 805, 643, 583			Triterpenoid saponin
38	33,9	1222	1221, 1059, 897, 736, 487		280	Triterpenoid saponin
39	34,5	942	941, 779, 617		280	Triterpenoid saponin
40	34,7	926	925, 795, 825, 655, 556, 437		230, 280	3-O--D-Glucopyranosyl-(1→2)--D-glucuronopyranosyl-22-O-angeloyl-R1-barrigenol
41	35,2	956	955, 793, 749, 613, 453		280	Hex-Hex-triterpenoid acid	3	[30]
42	34,9	926	925, 809, 655, 539		280	Triterpenoid saponin	2	[30]
43	35,1	960	959, 797, 633		280	Hex-Rham-triterpenoid acid
44	35,6	984	983, 851, 713, 643		280	Triterpenoid saponin
45	36	968	967, 867, 697, 627		280	3-O--D-Glucopyranosyl-(1→2)--d-glucuronopyranosyl-21-O-acetyl-22-O-angeloyl-R1-barrigenol II isomer	2	[30]
46	36,3	910	909, 809, 639, 539, 509		280	3-O--D-Glucopyranosyl-(1→2)--D-glucuronopyranosyl-22-O-angeloyl-A1-barrigenol	2	[30]
47	37,4	908	907, 727, 637, 567		280	Triterpenoid saponin	3	[30]
48	38,1	766	765, 655, 427, 383, 341, 323		280	Triterpenoid saponin
49	38,2	970	969, 867, 787, 699, 629		280	Triterpenoid saponin
50	38,3	694	693, 651, 633, 489, 471, 327, 293, 221		280	Acetyl-glucoside triterpenoid
51	38,4	1084		1085, 907, 718, 574	280	Triterpenoid saponin
52	38,5	936	935, 665, 596		280	Triterpenoid saponin
53	38,6	894	893, 729, 603, 569, 625		230	Triterpenoid saponin
54	39,7	952	951, 681, 611		230	Triterpenoid saponin
55	39,7	954	953, 683, 581		230	Triterpenoid saponin	3	[30]
56	40,4	996	995, 797, 751, 629		230	Triterpenoid saponin
57	40,5	938	937, 739, 693, 657, 571, 489, 423		290	Triterpenoid saponin
58	40,7	636	635, 473, 424, 311, 161		270, 290	Glucoside triterpenoid
59	41,2	1154	1153, 991, 829, 667, 599		270	Barringenol R1-tetraglucoside	3	[37]
60	41,4	618	677, 617, 455, 321		270, 275	Betulinic acid glucoside
61	41,7	1010	1009, 925, 764, 601		250	Triterpenoid saponin
62	41,8	844	843, 573, 505, 489		280	Triterpenoid saponin	3	[30]
63	42	1178	1177, 1015, 853, 691, 599		280	Triterpenoid saponin
64	42,1	828	827, 647, 557, 477		280	Triterpenoid saponin	3	[30]

Metabolite identification level according to the Metabolomics Standards Initiative recommendation [38]; rt: retention tome; mw: molecular weight.