Diene Valepotriates from Valeriana glechomifolia Prevent Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Sickness and Depressive-Like Behavior in Mice

Figure 3

Effects of diene valepotriates from V. glechomifolia (VAL) pretreatment on sickness and depressive-like behavior induced by a stressful stimulus (6 min forced swimming session) + E. coli LPS injection in mice. The animals were orally treated with VAL (10 mg/kg, p.o.) or imipramine (IMI, used as a positive control, 20 mg/kg, p.o.) 1 hour before being exposed to the forced swim + LPS and were evaluated in the open field and tail suspension tests 6 h (Panels (a) and (b)) and 24 h after (Panels (c) and (d)) the immune challenge. Each column represents the mean ± S.E.M (n = 8–12 mice/group). Two-way ANOVA, post hoc Student-Newman-Keuls test. ; ; .

(a)

(b)

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(d)