Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine / 2015 / Article / Tab 1 / Review Article
Medicinal Plants Qua Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Secretagogue via Intestinal Nutrient Sensors Table 1 Existing therapeutics for T2DM.
Therapeutics Limitations Ref. Non-incretin-based therapeutics for T2DM Sulfonylurea Transiently stimulating excessive insulin secretion that causes hypoglycemia and hyperinsulinemia and eventually results in obesity and overweight. [16 , 17 ] Biguanides Causes gastrointestinal side effects, such as diarrhea and abdominal cramping. Rarely causes lactic acidosis. [17 ] Meglitinides Transiently stimulating excessive insulin secretion that causes hypoglycemia and results in overweight. [17 ] α -glycosidase inhibitorCauses indigested carbohydrates in gut lumen that may result in flatulence and diarrhea. [18 ] Thiazolidinediones Causes significant water retention that causes edema and heart failure. [19 ] Incretin-based therapeutics for T2DM GLP-1 agonists Inefficient to patients with severe β cell dysfunction or insulin resistance; low blood glucose reducing effect compared to the existing therapeutics; cause nausea and vomiting. [20 ] DPP-4 inhibitors Stimulate unnecessary ductal cells that increase risk of pancreatitis; cause nausea; increase the risk of heart failure. [21 ]
T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; DPP-4, dipeptidyl peptidase-4.