C6 cell line established from a glioma generated by intravenous exposure of male Wistar rats to N-nitrosomethylurea BALB/c-nu mice
Inhibition of C6 glioma cells growth; increase in the percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phase, and decrease in the protein level of hyperphosphorylated pRb; increase in cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors p21, p27, and p16; decrease in tumor growth in xenografts, reduction of the number of mitotic cells and proliferating cell nuclear antigen- (PCNA-) positive cells in C6 glioma
DU145 and PC-3 cell lines, telomerase-immortalized primary human prostate cancer-derived cell (RC-58T/h/SA#4), and primary human prostate epithelial cells (PrEC)
Inhibition of human prostate cancer cells proliferation by regulating the protein expression of cyclin D1, B1 and cyclin dependent kinase (CDK), p21
Baccharin, beturetol, kaempferide, isosakuranetin, and drupanin (isolated from PEE)
Human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cell, HCT116 cell line
Inhibition of HIF-1α, glucose transporter 1, hexokinase 2, and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) expression; exhibiting anti-angiogenic effects in the chick chorioallantoic membrane
Human immortalized endothelial-like cell line EA.hy926, renal cell carcinoma cell line RCC4, and mouse embryonic stem cell line CGR
Reduction of migration and sprouting of endothelial cells and attenuation of new blood vessels formation; decrease in the differentiation of embryonic stem cells into CD31 positive cells; decrease in HIF1-α protein accumulation which attenuates VEGF gene expression, increases the von Hippel-Lindau- (pVHL-) dependent proteasomal degradation of HIF1-α, and downregulates Cdc42 protein expression
Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), NF1-deficient MPNST (S-462), and NF2-deficient schwannoma (HEI-193) cell lines Female nu/nu mice
Blocking PAK1 signaling selectively, without affecting AKT; suppressing almost completely the growth of human neurofibromatosis tumor xenografts in mice
Purchased: Wako Pure Chemicals Industries (Osaka, Japan)
Characteristic of Brazilian propolis
Artepillin C
Brazil
Green propolis/B. dracunculifolia
PEE
LNCaP cell line
Sensitizing TRAIL-resistant LNCaP cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis Induction of a significant disruption of Ψm Enhancing the expression of TRAIL-R2 and decreasing the activity of NF-κB Artepillin C, quercetin, kaempferol, and p-coumaric acid strongly cooperating with TRAIL to induce apoptosis
Purchased: Alexis Biochemicals (San Diego, CA, USA)
Characteristic of Brazilian propolis
Quercetin, kaempferol, and p-coumaric acid
Purchased: Wako Pure Chemicals (Osaka, Japan)
Artepillin C
Brazil
Red propolis/D. ecastaphyllum
PEE
MCF-7 cell line
Reducing cell viability through induction of mitochondrial dysfunction, caspase-3 activity, and DNA fragmentation and increase in expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP)
LNCaP 104-S, DU-145, and PC-3 cell lines Male BALB/c mice
Suppressing the growth of LNCaP, DU-145, and PC-3 and inhibiting the tumor growth of LNCaP xenografts, possible inhibition of p70S6K and some Akt signaling networks
Suppressing proliferation, colony formation, and cell cycle progression, decrease in protein expression of cyclin D1, cyclin E, SKP2, c-Myc, Akt1, Akt2, Akt3, total Akt, mTOR, and Bcl-2, Rb, as well as phosphorylation of Rb, ERK1/2, Akt, mTOR, GSK3a, GSK3b, and PDK1, and increase in KLF6 and p21Cip1 protein expression
Breast cell lines MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, MCF-10A, and MCF-12A Bovine capillary endothelial (BCE) cells Female (Ncr-nu-nu) mice
Inhibition of in vitro and in vivo MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 tumor growth without much effect on normal mammary cells; induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by downregulation of Bcl-2 proteins; reduction of NF-κB and mdr-1 gene expression and suppression of VEGF production by MDA-231 cells and formation of capillary-like tubes by endothelial cells
Breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and SKBR3
Promotion of an accumulation of acetylated histone proteins in MCF-7 (ER+) and MDA-MB-231 (ER−/PR−/Her2−); decrease of ER and PR in MCF-7 cells and upregulation of ER and decrease of EGFR in MDA-MB-231 cells; reduction of Her2 protein in SKBR3 (Her2+) cells
Suppression of the adhesion and invasion potential of the cells by inhibiting completely the expression of MMP-2 and metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and the NF-κB
Decrease of MMP and tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) mRNA levels; downregulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression; inhibition of MMP-2 activity; decrease of invasion, motility, cell migration, and colony formation
HL-60 cell line, colon cancer cell HCT-116 Female athymic Fox N1-nu/nu mice
Inhibition of HL-60 cells proliferation and induction of apoptosis by downregulating Bcl-2 protein and upregulating Bax; inhibition of HCT-116 cells colony formation potential and promotion of necrotic changes; decrease of mitotic cells and increase of p53 and Ki-67 expression in HCT-116 tumor-bearing mice
Decrease of tumour incidence, number of lesions, structural abnormalities, and beta-catenin and induction of proapoptotic Bax expression and reduction of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 expression
Induction of apoptosis through phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure and nuclear fragmentation Increase of sub-G1 DNA content; downregulation of surviving and Bcl-2 expression and increase of BAX proteins levels; induction of mitochondrial membrane potential (ψm) collapse; induction of cytochrome c release from mitochondria and induction of caspases 3, 7, and 9 activation
