Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Research Article

Active Compounds of Rhubarb Root and Rhizome in Animal Model Experiments of Focal Cerebral Ischemia

Table 1

Study characteristics of included studies.


Study	Species ()	Weight	Random method	Stroke model	Rhubarb effective component	Method of administration		The method to execute the animal	Outcome measure (experimental/control)	Intergroup differences
Study	Species ()	Weight	Random method	Stroke model	Rhubarb effective component	Experimental group	Control group	The method to execute the animal	Outcome measure (experimental/control)	Intergroup differences

Li et al. 2005 [16]	Male, SD rats (10/10)	300 ± 50 g	Random digits table	Permanent MCAO	Rhubarb aglycone	4 d before occlusion; i.g; 103.68 mg/kg, daily	4 d before occlusion; i.g; same volume of normal saline, daily	Not mentioned	(1) Neurobehavioral score (2) Infarction size	(1) (2)

Li et al. 2011 [17]	Male and female, SD rats (8/8)	300 ± 50 g	Not mentioned	Embolic MCAO	Rhubarb aglycone	4 h before occlusion; i.g; 12.96 mg/kg, daily	4 h before occlusion; i.g; same volume of normal saline, daily	Not mentioned	(1) Neurobehavioral score (2) Infarction size	(1) (2)

Li et al. 2005 [18]	Male, SD rats (8/10)	300 ± 50 g	Random digits table	Permanent MCAO	Rhubarb aglycone	5 d before occlusion; i.g; 25.92 mg/kg, daily	MCAO without any intervention	Not mentioned	Neurobehavioral score

Li et al. 2007 [19]	Male and female, SD rats (10/10)	300 ± 50 g	Random digits table	Permanent MCAO	Rhubarb aglycone	3 d before occlusion; i.p; 103.68 mg/kg, daily	3 d before occlusion; i.p; same volume of normal saline, daily	Not mentioned	(1) Neurobehavioral score (2) Infarction size	(1) (2) Not found

Li et al. 2005 [20]	Male and female, SD rats (6/6)	300 ± 50 g	Random digits table	Permanent MCAO	Rhubarb aglycone	3 d before occlusion; i.p; 103.68 mg/kg, daily	3 d before occlusion; i.p; same volume of normal saline, daily	Not mentioned	(1) Neurobehavioral score (2) Infarction size	(1) (2)

Liu et al. 2005 [21]	Male, SD rats (8/10; 8/10)	300 ± 50 g	Not mentioned	Permanent MCAO	Rhubarb aglycone	5 d before occlusion; i.g; 25.92 mg/kg, daily	MCAO without any intervention	Not mentioned	Neurobehavioral score
Liu et al. 2005 [21]	Male, SD rats (8/10; 8/10)	300 ± 50 g	Not mentioned	Permanent MCAO	Rhubarb glycosides	5 d before occlusion; i.g; 174.96 mg/kg, daily		Not mentioned	Neurobehavioral score

Li et al. 2004 [22]	Male, SD rats (8/10; 8/10)	300 ± 20 g	Random digits table	Permanent MCAO	Rhubarb aglycone	5 d before occlusion; i.g; 25.92 mg/kg, daily	MCAO without any intervention	Not mentioned	Neurobehavioral score
Li et al. 2004 [22]	Male, SD rats (8/10; 8/10)	300 ± 20 g	Random digits table	Permanent MCAO	Rhubarb glycosides	5 d before occlusion; i.g; 174.96 mg/kg, daily		Not mentioned	Neurobehavioral score

Li et al. 2004 [23]	Male, SD rats (8/10; 8/10)	300 ± 50 g	Random digits table	Permanent MCAO	Rhubarb glycosides	3 d before occlusion; i.p; 174.96 mg/kg, daily	MCAO without any intervention	Not mentioned	Neurobehavioral score
Li et al. 2004 [23]	Male, SD rats (8/10; 8/10)	300 ± 50 g	Random digits table	Permanent MCAO	Rhubarb aglycone	3 d before occlusion; i.p; 25.92 mg/kg, daily		Not mentioned	Neurobehavioral score

Liu et al. 2004 [24]	Male, SD rats (10/9; 9/9; 10/9; 8/9; 9/9; 9/9)	300 ± 50 g	Random digits table	Permanent MCAO	Rhubarb aglycone	3 d before occlusion; i.p; 25.92 mg/kg, daily	MCAO without any intervention	Not mentioned	(1) Neurobehavioral score (2) Infarction size	(1) (2)
					Emodin	3 d before occlusion; i.p; 1.404 mg/kg, daily			(1) Neurobehavioral score (2) Infarction size	(1) (2)
					Aloe-emodin	3 d before occlusion; i.p; 0.648 mg/kg, daily			(1) Neurobehavioral score (2) Infarction size	(1) (2) Not found
					Physcion	3 d before occlusion; i.p; 1.08 mg/kg, daily			(1) Neurobehavioral score (2) Infarction size	(1) Not found (2) Not found
					Rhein	3 d before occlusion; i.p; 3.46 mg/kg, daily			(1) Neurobehavioral score (2) Infarction size	(1) Not found (2)
					Chrysophanol	3 d before occlusion; i.p; 7.88 mg/kg, daily			(1) Neurobehavioral score (2) Infarction size	(1) (2)

Tan et al. 2010 [25]	Male, SD rats (5/5)	250–320 g	Not mentioned	Temporary MCAO	Emodin	30 min before occlusion; i.p; 25 mg/kg	MCAO without any intervention	Anesthetized	(1) Neurobehavioral score (2) Infarction size	(1) (2)

Wu et al. 2009 [26]	Male, SD rats (6/6)	270–300 g	Random digits table	Temporary MCAO	Emodin	3 d before occlusion; i.p; 25 mg/kg, daily	3 d before occlusion; i.p; same volume of normal saline, daily	Not mentioned	Neurobehavioral score

Wang et al. 2005 [27]	Male and female, SD rats (10/10; 10/10)	300 ± 50 g	Random digits table	Permanent MCAO	Emodin	3 d before occlusion; i.p; 5.616 mg/kg, daily	3 d before occlusion; i.p; same volume of normal saline, daily	Not mentioned	(1) Neurobehavioral score (2) Infarction size	(1) (2)
Wang et al. 2005 [27]	Male and female, SD rats (10/10; 10/10)	300 ± 50 g	Random digits table	Permanent MCAO	Aloe-emodin	3 d before occlusion; i.p; 0.162 mg/kg, daily		Not mentioned	(1) Neurobehavioral score (2) Infarction size	(1) (2)

Li et al. 2005 [28]	Male and female, SD rats (10/10)	300 ± 50 g	Random digits table	Permanent MCAO	Emodin	3 d before occlusion; i.p; 5.616 mg/kg, daily	3 d before occlusion; i.p; same volume of normal saline, daily	Not mentioned	(1) Neurobehavioral score (2) Infarction size	(1) (2)

Chen et al. 2006 [29]	Male, SD rats (12/12)	250–320 g	Not mentioned	Temporary MCAO	Physcion	3 d before occlusion; i.g; 40 mg/kg, daily	3 d before occlusion; i.p; same volume of normal saline, daily	Anesthetized	(1) Neurobehavioral score (2) Infarction volume	(1) (2)

Mei et al. 2009 [30]	Male, SD rats (12/12)	250–320 g	Not mentioned	Temporary MCAO	Physcion	3 d before occlusion; i.g; 60 mg/kg, daily	MCAO without any intervention	Not mentioned	(1) Neurobehavioral score (2) Infarction volume	(1) (2)

Chen et al. 2007 [31]	Male, SD rats (10/10)	250–320 g	Not mentioned	Temporary MCAO	Physcion	3 d before occlusion; i.g; 40 mg/kg, daily	MCAO without any intervention	Not mentioned	(1) Neurobehavioral score (2) Infarction volume	(1) (2)

Song et al. 2011 [32]	Male, Kunming mice (15/15; 15/15)	28.0 ± 0.9 g	Not mentioned	Temporarily obstructing bilateral common carotid arteries (Himori method)	Chrysophanol	14 d after occlusion; i.p; 10.0 mg/kg, daily	14 d before occlusion; i.p; same volume of normal saline, daily	Anesthetized	Neurobehavioral score	Not found
Song et al. 2011 [32]	Male, Kunming mice (15/15; 15/15)	28.0 ± 0.9 g	Not mentioned		Chrysophanol liposome	14 d after occlusion; i.p; 10.0 mg/kg, daily		Anesthetized	Neurobehavioral score	Not found

Zhang et al. 2014 [33]	Male, CD1 mice (6/6)	25∼30 g	Not mentioned	Temporary MCAO	Chrysophanol	30 minutes before occlusion; i.p; 10.0 mg/kg, daily	30 minutes before occlusion; i.p; same volume of normal saline, daily	Anesthetized	(1) Neurobehavioral score (2) Infarction size	(1) (2)

Chen et al. 2015 [14]	Male, SD rats (20/20)		Random digits table	Permanent MCAO	Physcion	3 d before occlusion; i.g; 40 mg/kg, daily	3 d before occlusion; i.p; same volume of normal saline, daily	Not mentioned	(1) Neurobehavioral score (2) Infarction volume	(1) (2)

Guan et al. 2014 [15]	Male, Wistar rats (6/6)	280 ± 20 g	Not mentioned	Permanent MCAO	Rhubarb aglycone	4 d before occlusion; i.g; aloe-emodin 50 mg/kg, rhein 76 mg/kg, emodin 38 mg/kg, chrysophanol 105 mg/kg, physcion 68 mg/kg, daily	4 d before occlusion; i.g; same volume of 0.5% CMC-Na suspension	Not mentioned	(1) Neurobehavioral score (2) Infarction size	(1) (2)

Note: rhubarb aglycone referred to the five components including aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, and physcion. Rhubarb glycosides referred to anthraquinone glycosides and double anthrone glycoside. IL-1β: interleukin-1β; MDH: malate dehydrogenase; MCAO: middle carotid artery occlusion; NALP3: NACHT domain-, leucine-rich repeat-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3; NF-KB: nuclear factor-kappa B; SOD: superoxide dismutase; TGF-β: transforming growth factor beta; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α; VCAM-1: vascular cell adhesion molecule.