Essential Oils from Ugandan Aromatic Medicinal Plants: Chemical Composition and Growth Inhibitory Effects on Oral Pathogens

Table 1

Aromatic medicinal plants used in traditional treatment of oral diseases in Uganda.

Family	Species name; (voucher number)^a	Plant part: ethnomedical use(s) [references]	Oral disease(s) treated
Asteraceae	Bidens pilosa; (FO-002)	L: chew [25]	Toothache
Asteraceae	Helichrysum odoratissimum; (FO-004)	L: dry, burn, and rub ash on false teeth [25]	Teething syndrome
Asteraceae	Vernonia amygdalina; (FO-005)	S: brush teeth, twigs chewed [25, 26]	Dental caries
Lamiaceae	Hoslundia opposita; (FO-008)	L: chewed [27, 28].	Mouth wounds
Lamiaceae	Ocimum gratissimum; (FO-009)	L: chewed [25]	Toothache
Poaceae	Cymbopogon citratus; (FO-010)	L: taken as tea; chewed fresh [26]	Bad breath, toothache
Poaceae	Cymbopogon nardus; (FO-011)	R: chewed; L: young part chewed and used for cleaning [25]	Bad breath, dental caries
Rutaceae	Teclea nobilis Delile; (FO-013)	S: used to brush teeth [27]	Dental caries
Rutaceae	Zanthoxylum chalybeum; (FO-014)	R: used to brush; S: bark chewed [28]	Dental caries; Toothache
Verbenaceae	Lantana trifolia; (FO-016)	S: used to brush teeth; L: infusion swallowed [28, 29]	Oral hygiene; Tonsillitis

Voucher specimen number at the Herbarium, Department of Botany, Makerere University.
L: leave; S: stem; R: root.