Aqueous Date Flesh or Pits Extract Attenuates Liver Fibrosis via Suppression of Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation and Reduction of Inflammatory Cytokines, Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and Angiogenic Markers in Carbon Tetrachloride-Intoxicated Rats

Table 1

Effect of date flesh extract (DFE), date pits extract (DPE), coffee, and the combination groups on liver function markers in CCl₄-intoxicated rats.

Group	ALT; (U/mL)	AST; (U/mL)	LDH; (U/mL)	ALP; (U/mL)	GGT; (U/mL)	Albumin; (g/dL)
Normal control	88.7 ± 4.6	280.6 ± 7.3	1264 ± 95	77.8 ± 6	21.2 ± 0.39	4.1 ± 0.17
CCl4	255^a*** ± 21.8	409^a*** ± 26.8	1735^a** ± 126	175.8^a*** ± 13	41.4^a*** ± 1.4	2.9^a*** ± 0.26
Coffee	124^b*** ± 4.2	345.8^b* ± 11.9	1106^b*** ± 50	121^b* ± 12.6	34.3^b* ± 1.13	3.8^b*** ± 0.08
DFE	82.4^b***c* ± 4.5	321.8^b** ± 12.4	1096^b*** ± 66	79.3^b***c* ± 6.3	25.5^b***c* ± 1.3	4.01^b*** ± 0.12
DPE	111.4^b*** ± 4.0	343^b* ± 10.8	1207^b*** ± 83	93^b*** ± 12.7	28.4^b*** ± 1.4	3.7^b*** ± 0.1
Coffee + DFE	74.1^b***c* ± 3.5	326.2^b** ± 15	1088^b*** ± 31	81.3^b***c* ± 7.8	23.8^b***c* ± 1.77	3.9^b*** ± 0.09
Coffee + DPE	73^b***c* ± 6.5	340.1^b* ± 9.7	1208^b*** ± 70	92.5^b*** ± 5	27.6^b*** ± 1.8	3.8^b*** ± 0.07

Significantly different from normal control group; ^bsignificantly different from CCl₄-treated group; ^csignificantly different from coffee-treated group. ^***, ^**, ^*.