Review Article

Complementary and Alternative Therapies for Autism Spectrum Disorder

Table 9

Acupuncture in ASD.

Author Year Type and duration of study Sample size Type of intervention ComparatorsDose Outcome measureFindings Comments

Allam et al. [78]2008Randomized single blind parallel group  
Duration: 9 months
(M 12; F 8)  
Age: 4–7 years
Acupuncture (scalp) plus language therapy Language therapy Twice weeklyArabic language testSignificant improvement in the acupuncture groupNo placebo condition  
No detailed baseline characteristics  
Small sample size

Chan et al. [79]2009Randomized parallel group  
Duration: 6 weeks
(M 26; F 6)  
Age: 4–7 years
Seven-needle star stimulation plus conventional education therapy Conventional education therapy One 5–10 min session per day, 5 days per weekParent’s rating questionnaire, Quantitative EEGSignificant improvement in the acupuncture groupNo blinding  
No placebo condition  
No detailed baseline characteristics  
Small sample size  
No standardized outcome measures

Wong and Chen [80]2010Randomized double blind placebo controlled parallel group  
Duration: 4 weeks
(M 47; F 8)  
Age: 3–18 years
Acupuncture (electro) plus convention educational therapy
Drop-out
Sham electroacupuncture plus convention educational therapy
Drop-out
30 min, 3 times weeklyPEDI, Leiter-R, CGI, ABC, RFRLS, RDLS, and WeeFIMSignificant improvementMulticomponent intervention and conventional intervention vary from child to child  
No power calculation

Wong [81]2010Randomized double blind placebo controlled parallel group  
Duration: 8 weeks
(M 44; F 6)  
Age: 3–11 years
Acupuncture (tongue) plus convention educational therapy Sham acupuncture plus conventional educational therapy One less than 15 sec session for 5 days per weekGriffiths mental developmental scale, RFRLS, RDLS, SPT, and WeeFIMSignificant improvement Multicomponent intervention and conventional intervention vary from child to child  
No power calculation

ABC, Aberrant Behavioral Checklist; ASD, autism spectrum disorder; CGI, Clinical Global Impression; PEDI, Pediatric Evaluation Development Inventory; RDLS, Reynell Developmental Language Scale; RFRLS, Ritvo-Freeman Real Life Rating Scale; SPT, Symbolic Play Test; WeeFIM, Functional Independence Measure for children.