Neuropharmacological Potential of Gastrodia elata Blume and Its Components

Figure 3

Inhibitory effect of vanillin on neuronal cell death in the granular cell layer after TMT injection. Mice received a single injection of TMT (2.6 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.)) and vanillin (100 mg/kg, i.p.) once daily for 3 days at −1 day, 0 days, and 1 day relative to TMT injection. Mice were sacrificed 3 days after TMT injection. Photomicrographs (left panels, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining) show that the increased amount of nuclear pyknosis induced by TMT treatment was significantly reduced by vanillin treatment. Semiquantitative analysis of neuronal cell death, performed by counting nuclear pyknosis, showed that vanillin suppressed neuronal cell death ( mice/group). Data are presented as means ± SEMs. Scale bars indicate 40 μm.