Korean Studies on Blood Stasis: An Overview

Table 2

The significant indicators investigated by ABC herbs in the preclinical studies.

Disease/pathology	Significant indicators (by ABC herbs)
Coagulopathy	RBC, WBC, PLT, hematocrit, fibrinogen, FDP, fibrinolytic activity, PLT aggregation, PT, aPTT, clotting time, prostaglandin synthase, PGE2, TBXA2, GPIIb/IIIa
Hyperviscosity	Whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity
Hyperlipidemia	Total cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid, AST, ALT, HDL, LDL, VLDL, leptin, adiponectin, free fatty acid, lipoprotein
Inflammation	Edema, exudate, body weight, IL-1b, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-alpha, NO, PGE2, elastase activity, mast cell, WBC, MCP-1, COX-2
Neoplasm	Angiogenesis, pulmonary colonization of cancer cells, survival time, lymphocyte proliferation, NK cytotoxicity, apoptosis, tumor weight
Ischemic brain injury	Coma duration, mortality, ischemic area, edema area, neurologic grade
Atherosclerosis	Plaque size, histologic injury of aorta, lipid infiltration, membrane thickness
Traumatic injury	Neurological motor behavioral test, apoptosis, edema,
Oxidant stress	NO, ROS, superoxide, SOD
Pain	Response time, writhing syndrome
Hypertension	BP, dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, NO, aldosterone, renin
Diabetes mellitus	Glucose
Nephropathy	24-hour urine protein, albumin, creatinine
Liver injury	ALP, LDL, LAP, AST, ALT, albumin

ABC: ALP: alkaline phosphatase; ALT: alanine transaminase; aPTT: activated partial thromboplastin time; AST: aspartate transaminase; BP: blood pressure; COX: cyclooxygenase; FDP: fibrin degradation product; GP: glycoprotein; HDL: high density lipoprotein; IL: interleukin; LAP: leucine amino-peptidase; LDL: low density lipoprotein; MCP-1: monocyte chemotactic protein-1; NK: natural killer; NO: nitric oxide; PGE2: prostaglandin E2; PLT: platelet; PT: prothrombin time; RBC: red blood cell; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SOD: superoxide dismutase; TBXA2: thromboxane A2; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; VLDL: very low density lipoprotein; WBC: white blood cell.