| | References | Reason for exclusion |
| | White and Foell, Evidence-Based Medicine, vol. 18, no. 6, p. e56, 2013. | Not systematic review | | Pennick and Liddle, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, vol. 8, Article ID CD001139, 2013. | No separate data of acupuncture for back pain | | Yu et al., Chinese Journal of Information on TCM, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 27–29, 2012. | No separate data available | | Vickers et al., Archives of Internal Medicine, vol. 172, no. 19, pp. 1444–1453, 2012. | Unavailable separate data for back pain | | Tan, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China, 2012. | Inappropriate data analysis | | Richards et al., Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, vol. 91, no. 9, pp. 1038–1045, 2012. | Narrative systematic review | | Marlowe, Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 533–546, 2012. | Not systematic review | | Hutchinson et al., Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, vol. 7, p. 36, 2012. | Narrative systematic review | | Ernst, Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 223-224, 2012. | Commentary | | Amezaga Urruela and Suarez-Almazor, Current Rheumatology Reports, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 589–597, 2012. | Not systematic review | | Li, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China, 2011. | Compared different forms of acupuncture | | Katonis et al., Hippokratia, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 205–210, 2011. | Not systematic review | | Grazio and Balen, Acta Clinica Croatica, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 513–530, 2011. | Not systematic review | | Trigkilidas, Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, vol. 92, no. 7, pp. 595–598, 2010. | Narrative systematic review | | Slattengren, Evidence-Based Practice, vol. 13, no. 3, p. 13, 2010. | Not systematic review | | Scott, Journal of the Acupuncture Association of Chartered Physiotherapists, no. 3, pp. 29–33, 2010. | Not systematic review | | Furlan et al., Evidence Report/Technology Assessment, no. 194, pp. 1–764, 2010. | Duplicated systematic reviews | | Berman et al., New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 363, no. 5, pp. 454–461, 2010. | Not systematic review | | Vickers and Maschino, Acupuncture in Medicine, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 126-127, 2009. | Not systematic review | | Kelly, American Family Physician, vol. 80, no. 5, pp. 481–484, 2009. | Not systematic review | | Rooney, Internet Journal of Advanced Nursing Practice, vol. 9, no. 2, p. 6p, 2008. | Not systematic review | | Pennick and Young, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, no. 2, Article ID CD001139, 2007. | No separate data of acupuncture for back pain | | Luijsterburg et al., European Spine Journal, vol. 16, no. 7, pp. 881–899, 2007. | Unavailable data of acupuncture | | Shen et al., Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, vol. 14, no. 8, pp. 477–487, 2006. | Not systematic review | | Spearing et al., APLAR Journal of Rheumatology, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 5–15, 2005. | Not systematic review | | Luo and Luo, Journal of Clinical Acupuncture and Moxibustion, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 10–14, 2005. | Insufficient data to judge study types | | Liu, Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation, vol. 9, no. 18, pp. 195–197, 2005. | Not systematic review | | Linde et al., Forschende Komplementarmedizin und Klassische Naturheilkunde, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 225–227, 2005. | Commentary | | Kluger and Bachmann, Deutsche Zeitschrift fur Akupunktur, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 37–39, 2005. | Commentary | | Furlan et al., Spine, vol. 30, no. 8, pp. 944–963, 2005. | Duplicated systematic reviews | | Caroli et al., Geriatric and Medical Intelligence, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 51–54, 2005. | Not systematic review | | Maher, Orthopedic Clinics of North America, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 57–64, 2004. | Not systematic review | | Ernst, Best Practice & Research: Clinical Rheumatology, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 539–556, 2004. | Not systematic review | | Ngu et al., Seminars in Spine Surgery, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 384–392, 2003. | Not systematic review | | Hanada, Best Practice & Research: Clinical Rheumatology, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 151–166, 2003. | Not systematic review | | Eshkevari, Journal of the American Association of Nurse Anesthetists, vol. 71, no. 5, pp. 361–370, 2003. | Not systematic review | | Abdulrazzaq et al., Emirates Medical Journal, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 128–132, 2003. | Not systematic review | | Young and Jewell, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, no. 1, Article ID CD001139, 2002. | No separate data of acupuncture for back pain | | He and Ding, Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation, vol. 6, no. 14, pp. 2034-2035, 2002. | Not systematic review | | Smith-Fassler and Lopez-Bushnell, Holistic Nursing Practice, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 35–44, 2001. | Not systematic review | | Haigh, Reviews in Clinical Gerontology, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 277–283, 2001. | Not systematic review | | van Tulder et al., Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, no. 2, Article ID CD001351, 2000. | Updated Cochrane review available | | Smith et al., Pain, vol. 86, no. 1-2, pp. 119–132, 2000. | Narrative systematic review | | van Tulder and Irnich, Forschende Komplementarmedizin, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 154–157, 1999. | Commentary | | van Tulder et al., Spine, vol. 24, no. 11, pp. 1113–1123, 1999. | Duplicated systematic reviews | | Strauss, Chiropractic Journal of Australia, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 112–118, 1999. | Narrative systematic review | | Longworth and McCarthy, Acupuncture in Medicine, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 18–31, 1998. | Not systematic review | | Ernst, Fortschritte der Medizin, vol. 116, no. 1-2, pp. 20–26, 1998. | Not systematic review | | Longworth and McCarthy, Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 55–76, 1997. | Not systematic review | | Birch et al., Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 101–124, 1996. | Not systematic review | | Ernst and Fialka, Fortschritte der Medizin, vol. 111, no. 27, pp. 420–422, 1993. | Not systematic review | | Tan et al., Baillière’s Clinical Rheumatology, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 629–655, 1992. | Not systematic review | | Ceniceros, Journal of Neurological and Orthopaedic Medicine and Surgery, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 263–266, 1992. | Not systematic review | | Chen, American Journal of Acupuncture, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 305–323, 1990. | Not systematic review |
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