Type of Multimorbidity and Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use among Adults
Table 3
Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of type of multimorbidity from logistic and multinomial logistic regressions on any CAM use, CAM use in the past 12 months, and type of CAM, National Health Interview Survey 2012.
(a) Logistic regression on any CAM use (reference: never used CAM)
AOR
95% CI
Sig.
Multimorbidity
PI only (Ref.)
PI & MI
1.68
[1.49, 1.90]
***
(b) Multinomial logistic regression on CAM use in the past 12 months (reference: no CAM use in the past 12 months)
Past 12 months
Sig.
Never used CAM
Sig.
AOR
95% CI
AOR
95% CI
Multimorbidity
PI only (Ref.)
PI & MI
1.32
[1.15, 1.52]
***
0.68
[0.59, 0.78]
***
(c) Multinomial logistic regression on alternative medical systems use in the past 12 months (reference: no alternative medical systems use in the past 12 months)
Used alternative medical systems in the past 12 months
Sig.
Never used alternative medical systems
Sig.
Never used CAM
Sig.
AOR
95% CI
AOR
95% CI
AOR
95% CI
Multimorbidity
PI only (Ref.)
PI & MI
0.95
[0.71, 1.26]
0.71
[0.59, 0.85]
***
0.46
[0.37, 0.56]
***
(d) Multinomial logistic regression on manipulative and body-based therapies use in the past 12 months (reference: no manipulative and body-based therapies use in the past 12 months)
Used manipulative and body-based therapies in the past 12 months
Sig.
Never used manipulative and body-based therapies
Sig.
Never used CAM
Sig.
AOR
95% CI
AOR
95% CI
AOR
95% CI
Multimorbidity
PI only (Ref.)
PI & MI
1.36
[1.16, 1.59]
***
1.10
[0.88, 1.37]
0.67
[0.58, 0.77]
***
(e) Multinomial logistic regression on mind-body therapies use in the past 12 months (reference: no mind-body therapies use in the past 12 months)
Used mind-body therapies in the past 12 months
Sig.
Never used mind-body therapies
Sig.
Never used CAM
Sig.
AOR
95% CI
AOR
95% CI
AOR
95% CI
Multimorbidity
PI only (Ref.)
PI & MI
1.08
[0.86, 1.36]
0.71
[0.58, 0.86]
***
0.47
[0.38, 0.58]
***
Note. Based on 13,246 adults, age over 21 years, having at least two or more chronic physical illnesses or one or more chronic physical illnesses with mental illness. Chronic physical illnesses consisted of diabetes, heart disease, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, arthritis, cancer, respiratory disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)), and asthma. Mental illnesses consisted of depression, bipolar disorder, or other mental health disorders. Asterisks represent significant group differences compared to the reference group based on logistic regression and multinomial logistic regressions on any CAM use, CAM use in the past 12 months, and type of CAM after controlling for predisposing, enabling, need factors, external environment factors, and personal health practices. AOR: adjusted odds ratios; CI: confidence interval; CAM: complementary and alternative medicine; Ref.: reference group; PI & MI: chronic physical and mental illnesses; PI: chronic physical illnesses. *** < .001; **.001 ≤ < .01; *.01 ≤ < .05.
