Effects of a Proprietary Standardized Orthosiphon stamineus Ethanolic Leaf Extract on Enhancing Memory in Sprague Dawley Rats Possibly via Blockade of Adenosine A2A Receptors
Table 6
Effect of O. stamineus (BT 00119), P. minus (PM 00012), G. biloba (GBE 00110), and donepezil on recognition index with respect to duration of interactions in social recognition test in the SD rats.
Treatment (mg/kg) p.o./i.p., immediately after C1
Investigation duration (seconds)
C2 versus C1
Recognition index (C2/C1)
Route
First contact (C1)
Second contact (C2) 120 min after C1
Mean ± SEM
value
Mean ± SEM
value
value
Mean ± SEM
value
Vehicle
p.o.
22.00 ± 11.59
—
25.00 ± 13.0
—
0.1777
1.107 ± 0.20
—
BT 00119 (200)
p.o.
28.67 ± 5.36
0.3146
14.33 ± 8.51
0.2656
0.1273
0.5033 ± 0.24
0.0661
BT 00119 (300)
p.o.
57.33 ± 7.53
0.0315
14.33 ± 2.90
0.2348
0.0119
0.2400 ± 0.02
0.0068
BT 00119 (600)
p.o.
71.00 ± 7.81
0.0124
8.333 ± 1.85
0.1374
0.0051
0.1133 ± 0.017
0.0042
PME 00012 (200)
p.o.
48.67 ± 6.88
0.0595
31.00 ± 5.68
0.3475
0.1419
0.6833 ± 0.18
0.0986
GBE 00110 (120)
p.o.
52.67 ± 5.69
0.0382
33.67 ± 2.84
0.2759
0.0775
0.6600 ± 0.11
0.0651
Donepezil (3)
i.p.
30.67 ± 1.20
0.2492
18.33 ± 4.33
0.3266
0.0621
0.5500 ± 0.11
0.0593
BT 00119 (60)
i.p.
26.67 ± 4.80
0.3644
8.667 ± 5.23
0.1550
0.1801
0.3867 ± 0.28
0.0539
BT 00119 (120)
i.p.
51.00 ± 2.51
0.0354
14.00 ± 2.51
0.2272
0.0136
0.2733 ± 0.05
0.0086
p.o. = per oral, i.p. = intraperitoneal, and SEM = standard error mean. indicates the significance of first contact in comparison with vehicle control for all groups. and indicate the significance in comparing the change in activity before and after treatment. and indicate the significant changes of RI when compared with vehicle control.
