Intercultural Usage of Mori Folium: Comparison Review from a Korean Medical Perspective

Table 3

Clinical trials using Mori folium or derived products.

Author & year	Study type	Condition & ICD-10	Participants & sample size	Material used	Dosage & duration	JADAD score	Primary outcome measures	Main results
Banu et al. (2015) [41]	CC	Type 2 diabetes (E11)	48 type 2 diabetics on oral medication (28 intervention + 20 black tea placebo)	Tea; (Mulbericha green variety)	1 cup (70 mL), single dose	—	Plasma glucose change before meal with tea and 90 minutes afterwards	Plasma glucose levels in control and intervention groups before meal and 90 minutes after being changed from 178.55 ± 35.61 to 287.20 ± 56.37 (control) and 153.50 ± 48.10 to 210.21 ± 58.73 (intervention) (, effect size 1.31)
Chung et al. (2013) [42]	RCT	Glucose suppression (n/a)	50 healthy people between ages 20 and 50 (10 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 10)	Aqueous extract; (0.36% DNJ)	0 g, 1.25 g, 2.5 g, and 5 g extract, single dose	3 (1 + 0 + 1 + 0 + 1)	Plasma glucose level at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after maltose intake	Intake of 2.5 g or 5 g with maltose suppressed glucose elevation significantly compared to control (). 5 g before and after treatment showed no significant difference.
Asai et al. (2011) [32]	RCT + CR	Diabetes NOS (E14)	76 adults with 110–140 mg/dL FPG (38 intervention + 38 placebo)	Enriched extract; (1.5% DNJ)	6 mg DNJ equivalent extract, t.i.d., 12 weeks	4 (1 + 0 + 1 + 1 + 1)	Fasting plasma glucose, insulin, HbA1c, glycated albumin, 1,5-anhydroglucitol at weeks 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16	No significant difference was found between groups except for 1, 5 AG at weeks 8 & 12 (), but difference was not maintained after treatment at week 16.
Srichaikul (2012) [34]	RCT	Other mental disorders (F06)	20 women with mild cognitive impairment (5 + 5 + 5 + 5)	Extract; (Burirum-60 variety)	200 mg, q.d., 3 months	2 (1 + 0 + 1 + 0 + 0)	SAGE, MMSE scale score changes at start and end of treatment period	Mean SAGE score rank changed from 14.1, 12.7, 7.3, and 7.9 to 17.70, 8.7, 11.0, and 4.6. Mean MMSE score rank changed from 17.4, 10.5, 6.7, and 7.4 to 17.6, 10.1, 8.5, and 5.8.
Nakamura et al. (2009) [43]	CR	Glucose suppression (n/a)	10 healthy volunteers	Ethanol extract; (0.77% DNJ)	1.2 or 3 g, single dose	—	Plasma glucose (Glu.) & insulin (Ins.) (every 30 minutes for 3 hours)	Glucose and insulin elevation was suppressed in 1.2 and 3 g group compared to control at different time points (1.2 g Glu.: 30, 120 min/Ins.: 30 min/3 g Glu.: 30.90, 120 min/Ins.: 30 min/all )
Yang and Han (2006) [44]	RCT	Type 2 diabetes (E11)	25 type 2 diabetics on oral medication (14 intervention + 9 control)	Aqueous extract; (0.5% DNJ)	500 mg b.i.d., 12 weeks	4 (1 + 0 + 1 + 1 + 1)	Fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, serum lipids at start and end of treatment period	HbA1c, LDL-C, and TG decreased in intervention compared to control (, 0.05, 0.01). FBS >140 mg/dL or HbA1c >8% subjects showed FBS or HbA1c decrease (<0.05, <0.05) but <140 mg/dL or <8% subjects did not.

RCT, randomized controlled trial; CR, crossover; CC, case-controlled. All medications were taken orally.
Group 1: 0 g extract with 75 g maltose. Group 2: 1.25 g extract with 75 g maltose. Group 3: 2.5 g extract with 75 g maltose. Group 4: 5 g extract with 75 g maltose. Group 5: 5 g extract 30 minutes before 75 g maltose. Group 5 cannot be considered as part of double-blind design.
Dual phase design; only the RCT part is analyzed in this table.
Group 1: silkworm weavers given Mori folium extracts (SWE). Group 2: silkworm weavers given placebo (SWP). Group 3: nonsilkworm weavers given Mori folium extracts (NSWE). Group 4: nonsilkworm weavers given placebo (NSWP).