The Role of Endophytic Fungi in the Anticancer Activity of Morinda citrifolia Linn. (Noni)

Table 2

Cytotoxic activities (IC₅₀) of fungal endophyte extracts against three human cancer cell lines.

Code	Genbank match	Order > family	IC50 (μg/mL)
			LU-1	MCF-7	PC-3
Noni leaf endophytes
MRL1-3A	Stemphylium solani	Pleosporales > Pleosporaceae	4	2	5
MRL2-1	Fusarium sp.; (anamorphic Gibberella)	Hypocreales > Nectriaceae	>50	>50	>50
MRL1-2-2	Acremonium sp.	Hypocreales > Hypocreaceae	>50	>50	>50
MRL2-3	Didymellaceae sp.	Pleosporales > Didymellaceae	>50	>50	>50
MRL5-1	Hypocreales sp.	Hypocreales	>50	>50	>50
IXLP3	Guignardia sp.	Botryosphaeriales > Botryosphaeriaceae	>50	>50	>50
VIIILP2-1	Colletotrichum gloeosporioides; (anamorphic Glomerella cingulata)	Glomerellales > Glomerellaceae	>50	>50	>50
XILP7-2	Colletotrichum boninense complex	Glomerellales > Glomerellaceae	>50	>50	>50
VIIILP1	Leptosphaerulina australis	Pleosporales > Didymellaceae	4	0.6	0.4
XILP6	Mycosphaerella sp.	Capnodiales > Mycosphaerellaceae	>50	>50	>50
XILP5	Xylariaceae sp.	Xylariales > Xylariaceae	5	10	10
XIILP3-1	Aspergillus pseudodeflectus; (anamorphic Emericella)	Eurotiales > Trichocomaceae	>50	>50	>50
Noni fruit endophytes
XSM1	Phlebiopsis sp.	Polyporales > Phanerochaetaceae	>50	>50	>50
VIIIfP1	Paraconiothyrium sporulosum	Pleosporales > Montagnulaceae	>50	>50	>50
IIfP	Phomopsis sp.; (anamorphic Diaporthe)	Diaporthales > Valsaceae	>50	>50	>50
Positive control; (ellipticine)			0.02 ± 0.001	0.05 ± 0.002	0.3 ± 0.012

The IC₅₀ value is defined as the concentration of extract required to produce 50% reduction in viability compared to the standard cytotoxic agent, ellipticine. All fungal extracts were tested in triplicate, and IC₅₀ values were calculated from the mean dose-response curves. IC₅₀ values represent the average over triplicate experiments performed with three successive passages of the same endophyte.
LU-1, human lung adenocarcinoma.
MCF-7, human mammary adenocarcinoma.
PC-3, human prostate adenocarcinoma.