Effects of Passive Hydrotherapy WATSU (WaterShiatsu) in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy: Results of a Controlled Pilot Study
Table 1
Group and baseline characteristics.
Characteristicsa
Intervention group ()
Control group ()
Complete sample ()
Age (years)
31.3 (±2.7)
32.8 (±3.7)
32.0 (±3.2)
0.56
BMI (kg/m2)
27.5 (±3.4)
25.5 (±2.3)
26.6 (±3.1)
0.31
Primiparous (yes/no)
6/3
7/1
13/4
n/a
Week of gestation
36.3 (±0.7)
35.8 (±1.2)
36.1 (±1.0)
0.43
Breech presentation (yes/no)
8/1
2/6
9/8
n/a
PSS score
14.8 (±5.0)
14.8 (±11.7)
14.8 (±8.5)
0.81
SF-36 main scales
(i) physical component
47.0 (±6.8)
40.4 (±10.7)
43.9 (±9.2)
0.18
(ii) mental component
46.4 (±11.6)
52.8 (±6.9)
49.4 (±9.9)
0.12
All continuous data are presented as mean (±SD).
b values refer to Mann-Whitney test. n/a, not applicable; BMI, body mass index; PSS, Perceived Stress Scale; SF-36, Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey.