Effects of Passive Hydrotherapy WATSU (WaterShiatsu) in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy: Results of a Controlled Pilot Study

Table 1

Group and baseline characteristics.

Characteristics^a	Intervention group ()	Control group ()	Complete sample ()
Age (years)	31.3 (±2.7)	32.8 (±3.7)	32.0 (±3.2)	0.56
BMI (kg/m^2)	27.5 (±3.4)	25.5 (±2.3)	26.6 (±3.1)	0.31
Primiparous (yes/no)	6/3	7/1	13/4	n/a
Week of gestation	36.3 (±0.7)	35.8 (±1.2)	36.1 (±1.0)	0.43
Breech presentation (yes/no)	8/1	2/6	9/8	n/a
PSS score	14.8 (±5.0)	14.8 (±11.7)	14.8 (±8.5)	0.81
SF-36 main scales
(i) physical component	47.0 (±6.8)	40.4 (±10.7)	43.9 (±9.2)	0.18
(ii) mental component	46.4 (±11.6)	52.8 (±6.9)	49.4 (±9.9)	0.12

All continuous data are presented as mean (±SD).
^b values refer to Mann-Whitney test.
n/a, not applicable; BMI, body mass index; PSS, Perceived Stress Scale; SF-36, Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey.