Effects of Passive Hydrotherapy WATSU (WaterShiatsu) in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy: Results of a Controlled Pilot Study

Table 3

Analyses of short-term changes in psychometric outcome measures within the intervention group.

Variables^a	Before WATSU	After WATSU	value
VAS stressfulness (mm)^c
(i) At day 1	27 (±28)	5 (±9)	−21 (±22)	0.028
(ii) At day 4	16 (±15)	2 (±2)	−14 (±14)	0.012
VAS pain (mm)^c
(i) At day 1	9 (±12)	2 (±3)	−8 (±9)	0.028
(ii) At day 4	12 (±10)	1 (±1)	−11 (±11)	0.012
MDMQ mood scale score^d
(i) At day 1	16.9 (±2.8)	18.7 (±2.6)	+1.8 (±1.9)	0.042
(ii) At day 4	14.7 (±6.8)	19.3 (±1.0)	+4.7 (±6.2)	0.027
MDMQ alertness scale score^d
(i) At day 1	13.9 (±3.2)	16.0 (±2.4)	+2.1 (±3.6)	0.122
(ii) At day 4	10.7 (±5.0)	16.3 (±2.4)	+5.7 (±4.7)	0.007
MDMQ calmness scale score^d
(i) At day 1	13.7 (±3.0)	18.0 (±2.9)	+4.3 (±3.0)	0.012
(ii) At day 4	12.8 (±5.6)	18.3 (±1.7)	+5.6 (±5.8)	0.015

All continuous data are presented as mean (±SD).
^b values refer to Wilcoxon test. P > 0.05; CI 95%.
^cVAS, Visual Analog Scale; positive mean change values represent an increase in actual stress (actual pain).
^dMDMQ, Multidimensional-Mood-Questionnaire; positive mean change values represent an increase in mood, alertness, and calmness.