Millimeter Wave Treatment Inhibits Apoptosis of Chondrocytes via Regulation Dynamic Equilibrium of Intracellular Free Ca²⁺

Figure 4

Effects of MW on intracellular [Ca²⁺]_i expression in chondrocytes. (a) Fluorescence of intracellular [Ca²⁺]_i was visualized by staining the chondrocytes with fluo-3/AM (green) and then counterstaining with Hoechst 33258 (blue). Images were captured under a confocal fluorescence microscope with a magnification of 400x. Five cells for each visual field were observed and the quantitative changes rule curve of intracellular [Ca²⁺]_i fluorescence, which changed over time, was analyzed. (b) The changes in intensity of fluorescence of intracellular [Ca²⁺]_i. Colorful curve representing the intracellular calcium concentration corresponds to the cell circled by line with same color. Data are averages with SD (error bars) from three independent experiments. , compared with the untreated control. , compared with the 10 ng/mL TNF-α group.

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