Effects of Diagnostic Errors in Pattern Differentiation and Acupuncture Prescription: A Single-Blinded, Interrater Agreement Study

Table 2

Diagnostic performance of six raters for pattern differentiation grouped by diagnostic outcome.

Outcome	Correct diagnosis (true profiles)						Incorrect diagnosis (false profiles)
Descriptor	ACC 95% CI	-value	SEN	SPE	+PV	−PV	ACC [95% CI]	value	SEN	SPE	+PV	−PV
Patterns
Rater 1	61.7 48.2; 73.9]	0.046	23.3	100	100	56.6	58.3 44.9; 70.9]	0.123	16.7	100	100	54.5
Rater 2	58.3 44.9; 70.9]	0.123	16.7	100	100	55.6	56.7 43.2; 69.4]	0.183	13.3	100	100	53.6
Rater 3	60.0 46.5; 72.4]	0.078	20.0	100	100	55.6	58.3 44.9; 70.9]	0.123	16.7	100	100	54.5
Rater 4	56.7 43.2; 69.4]	0.183	13.3	100	100	53.6	51.7 38.4; 64.8]	0.449	3.3	100	100	50.8
Rater 5	70.0 56.8; 81.2]	0.001	40.0	100	100	62.5	63.3 49.9; 75.4]	0.026	26.7	100	100	57.7
Rater 6	61.7 48.2; 73.9]	0.046	23.3	100	100	56.6	61.7 48.2; 73.9]	0.046	23.3	100	100	56.6
Group-median	60.9 [56.7; 70.0]	NT	21.7	100	100	56.1	58.3 [51.7; 63.3]	NT	16.7	100	100	54.5
Internal organs
Rater 1	65.0 51.6; 76.9]	0.014	33.3	96.7	90.9	59.2	65.0 51.6; 76.9]	0.014	33.3	96.7	90.9	59.2
Rater 2	61.7 48.2; 73.9]	0.046	23.3	100	100	56.6	63.3 49.9; 75.4]	0.026	26.7	100	100	57.7
Rater 3	73.3 60.3; 83.9]	<0.001	56.7	90.0	85.0	67.5	70.0 56.8; 81.2]	0.001	50.0	90.0	83.3	64.3
Rater 4	55.0 41.6; 67.9]	0.259	23.3	86.7	63.6	53.1	58.3 44.9; 70.9]	0.123	30.0	86.7	69.2	55.3
Rater 5	68.3 55.0; 79.7]	0.003	46.7	90.0	82.4	62.8	75.0 61.2; 85.3]	<0.001	60.0	90.0	85.7	69.2
Rater 6	68.3 55.0; 79.7]	0.003	40.0	96.7	92.3	61.7	70.0 56.8; 81.2]	0.001	43.3	96.7	92.9	63.0
Group-median	66.7 [55.0; 73.3]	NT	36.7	93.4	88.0	60.5	67.5 [58.3; 75.0]	NT	38.3	93.4	88.3	61.1

ACC: accuracy; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval; SEN: sensitivity; SPE: specificity; +PV: positive predictive value; −PV: negative predictive value; NT: not tested.