Research Article

Herbal Therapies and Social-Health Policies: Indigenous Ati Negrito Women’s Dilemma and Reproductive Healthcare Transitions in the Philippines

Table 2

Ati Negrito medicinal plants and phytotherapies for female reproductive healthcare.

Reproductive health categoryPlant scientific (and family) nameLocal namePreparation and administrationUse-mentionFL (%)

Menstruation syndromes





(a) Dysmenorrhea
Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don
(Apocynaceae)
Rosas de baybayonOral application after decocting leaf 19100
Swietenia mahogani L.
(Meliaceae)
MahoganiOral application after powdering dried seed11100
Lunasia amara Blanco
(Rutaceae)
KamiasOral application as tonic after infusion of bark in local rum1050
Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br.
(Apocynaceae)
BitaOral application after powdering dried bark9100
Arcangelisia flava (L.) Merr.
(Menispermaceae)
AlbutraOral application as tonic after infusion of dried stem in alcohol637.5
Lantana camara L.
(Verbenaceae)
Haroy-haroyOral application after decocting leaf 538.46



(b) Delayed menstruation
Lunasia amara Blanco
(Rutaceae)
KamiasOral application after infusion of bark with A. flava in alcohol1050
Arcangelisia flava (L.) Merr. (Menispermaceae)AlbutraOral application after infusion of stem with L. amara in alcohol1062.5
Lantana camara L.
(Verbenaceae)
Haroy-haroyOral application after decocting leaf 538.46
Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook.f. & Thomson
(Menispermaceae)
ManunggalOral application of fresh stem extract 5100

Birth/delivery uses

 (a) Delivery inducer
Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC.
(Fabaceae)
NipayTopical application of scraped bark and stem mixed with coconut oil 3100
Corchorus olitorius L.
(Malvaceae)
TugabangTopical application of crushed leaves2100
(b) Delivery toolSchizostachyum lumampao (Blanco) Merr. (Poaceae)BagakayStem used as tool in cutting umbilical cord 1773.91

Postpartum syndromes





(a) Abdominal pain
Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC
(Asteraceae)
AlibhonExternal application as wash or hot compress after boiling leaves2153.85
Salacia sp.
(Celastraceae)
MontawiOral application after decocting dried stem11100
Rauvolfia amsoniifolia A.DC.
(Apocynaceae)
Agoparit/MagoparitOral application after decocting dried stem7100
Chrysophyllum cainito L.
(Sapotaceae)
Star apolExternal application as wash or hot compress after boiling leaves650
Oral application after decocting leaves650
Tabernaemontana pandacaqui Lam.
(Apocynaceae)
AlibotbotTopical application of heated leaves on abdomen as poultice6100
Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.
(Fabaceae)
KadiosTopical application of crushed leaves as poultice 3100








  (b) Headache
Canarium asperum Benth.
(Burseraceae)
SalongOral application after decocting dried stem resin2450
External application as aromatherapy by burning dried stem resin2450
Justicia gendarussa Burm. F.
(Acanthaceae)
BunlawExternal application as wash or hot compress after boiling leaves with S. elliptica 15100
Schefflera elliptica (Blume) Harms
(Araliaceae)
Kamoy-kamoy/KalangkangExternal application as wash or hot compress after boiling leaves and stems with J. gendarussa 10100
Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC
(Asteraceae)
AlibhonOral application after decocting leaves with F. pseudopalma 717.95
Ficus pseudopalma Blanco
(Moraceae)
SulamyogOral application after decocting stems with B. balsamifera 750
Ficus nota (Blanco) Merr. TabuyogOral application after decocting dried stems 633.33
(Moraceae)
Vitex trifolia subsp. litoralis Steenis
(Lamiaceae)
LagundiOral application after decocting leaves4100


(c) Hemorrhage
Ardisia elliptica Thunb.
(Primulaceae)
Tagpo-bayiOral application after decocting dried stems 8100
Ixora philippinensis Merr.
(Rubiaceae)
Tagpo-lakiOral application after decocting dried stems 8100
Caesalpinia sappan L.
(Fabaceae)
SibukawOral application after decocting dried stems 3100




(d) Postpartum relapse
Uvaria grandiflora Roxb.
(Annonaceae)
Saging-saging/KalansagingExternal application as wash or hot compress after boiling stems16100
Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) Spreng.
(Poaceae)
TangladExternal application as wash or hot compress after boiling whole plant11100
Uvaria rufa Blume
(Annonaceae)
Banawak Oral application after decocting dried stems 526.32
Premna odorata Blanco
(Lamiaceae)
Adgaw/AgdawExternal application as hot compress after boiling leaves4100
Corypha utan Lam.
(Arecaceae)
BuriExternal application as hot compress after boiling young shoots3100
Embelia whitfordii Merr.
(Primulaceae)
MalaumauOral application after decocting dried stems and leaves3100
Smilax bracteata C.Presl
(Smilacaceae)
BanaganOral application after decocting stems1









(e) Postpartum wash
Bambusa vulgaris Schrad.
(Poaceae)
KawayanExternal application as wash or hot compress after boiling leaves24100
Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walp.
(Fabaceae)
Madre cacaoExternal application by sitting on heated leaves to remove discharges22100
Citrus maxima (Burm.) Osbeck
(Rutaceae)
KabugaoExternal application as wash or hot compress after boiling leaves19100
Uvaria rufa Blume
(Annonaceae)
Banawak External application as wash or hot compress after boiling dried stems1473.68
Pittosporum pentandrum (Blanco) Merr.
(Pittosporaceae)
BalingkawayanExternal application as wash or hot compress after boiling leaves12100
Ficus pseudopalma Blanco
(Moraceae)
SulamyogExternal application as wash or hot compress after boiling stems750
Antidesma bunius (L.) Sreng.
(Phyllanthaceae)
BugnayExternal application as wash or hot compress after boiling leaves6100
Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
(Fabaceae)
AghoExternal application as wash or hot compress after boiling leaves4100
Areca catechu L.
(Arecaceae)
BungaExternal application as wash or hot compress after boiling leaves3100
Lantana camara L.
(Verbenaceae)
Haroy-haroyExternal application as wash or hot compress after boiling leaves323.08
Morinda citrifolia L.
(Rubiaceae)
AninoExternal application as wash or hot compress after boiling dried stems3100

Neonatal care uses




(a) Galactagogue
Ficus nota (Blanco) Merr.
(Moraceae)
TabuyogOral application after decocting stems1266.67
Moringa oleifera L.
(Moringaceae)
BalunggayConsumed after boiling leaves (sometimes with young C. papaya fruit)8100
Musa balbisiana Colla
(Musaceae)
Saging (sab-a)Topical application of young leaves on breast as poultice6100
Carica papaya L.
(Caricaceae)
KapayasConsumed after boiling young fruit (sometimes with M. oleifera leaves)4100
Ipomoea batatas (L.) Poir.
(Convolvulaceae)
Kamote (pula)Consumed after steaming young leaves3100
Manihot esculentaCrantz
(Euphorbiaceae)
BalinghoyTopical application of young leaves on breast as poultice3100





(b) Newborn baby care
Physalis angulata L.
(Solanaceae)
Tino-tinoTopical application of heated leaves on infant stomach as poultice22100
Citrus  ×  microcarpa Bunge
(Rutaceae)
SuhaExternal application as infant wash after boiling leaves10100
Momordica charantia L.
(Cucurbitaceae)
MargosoInternal application of leaf extract to expulse swallowed lochia8100
Schizostachyum lumampao (Blanco) Merr.
(Poaceae)
BagakayTopical application on infant's freshly-cut navel of ash from burnt stem626.09
Pandanus tectorius Parkinson ex Du Roi
(Pandanaceae)
PandanTopical application on infant's freshly-cut navel of ash from burnt dried leaves1

Prepared in combination with 6 other plants.