Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Review Article

An Update on Oligosaccharides and Their Esters from Traditional Chinese Medicines: Chemical Structures and Biological Activities

Table 2

Phenylpropanoid-derived disaccharide esters.  
NumberNameR1R2R3R4R5R6R7R8SourcePartsReference
35Sibiricose A6HHHHKHHHPolygala tricornis 
Polygala tenuifolia 		Roots  
Root barks		[37–40]
363′-O-Feruloyl sucrose/Sibiricose A5HHHHIHHHPolygala tenuifolia  
Trillium kamtschaticum 		Roots  
Underground parts		[38–42]
37Glomeratose AHHHHLHHHPolygala tricornis Roots[37]
38Lapathoside DHHHHGGHHPolygonum sachalinense Stems[43]
39Helonioside AHHHHIIHHTrillium kamtschaticum  
Smilax bracteata  
Paris polyphylla  
var. yunnanensis 		Underground  
parts  
Aerial parts 
Roots		[41, 44, 45]
40Helonioside BAcHHHIIHHSmilax bracteata  
Smilax china 
Smilax riparia 
Heterosmilax erythrantha 		Aerial parts 
Stems 
Roots and rhizomes		[44, 46–48]
41Parispolyside FHHHHGIHHParis Polyphylla  
var. yunnanensis 		Rhizomes[49, 50]
42HydropiperosideHHHHGGHGPolygonum sachalinense 
Polygonum cuspidatum  
Persicaria hydropiper 		Stems 
Leaves		[43, 51, 52]
43Tricornose BDAcHHLHHHPolygala tricornis Roots[37]
44Tenuifoliside AFHHHLHHHPolygala tenuifolia 
Polygala hongkongensis 
Polygala sibirica 		Roots 
Whole plants 
Aerial parts		[38, 40, 42, 53–56]
45Tatariside AAcHHAcGGHAcFagopyrum tataricum Roots[57]
46Tatariside EHHHAcGGHAcFagopyrum tataricum Roots[57]
47Tatariside GHHHHIGHGFagopyrum tataricum Roots[57]
48Smiglaside AAcAcHAcIIHISmilax riparia Roots and rhizomes[47]
49Smiglaside BAcHHAcIIHISmilax riparia Roots and rhizomes[47]
50Smiglaside EAcHHAcIIHGSmilax china Stems[46]
51Smilaside AAcAcHHIIHHSmilax china Stems[46]
52Smilaside BHHHAcIIHHSmilax china Stems[46]
53Smilaside CHHHHIIHGSmilax china Stems[46]
54Smilaside DHHHHIIAcGSmilax china Stems[46]
55Smilaside EAcHHHIIHGSmilax bracteata 
Smilax china 		Aerial parts 
Stems		[44, 46]
56Smilaside FAcHHAcGIHGSmilax china Stems[46]
57Smilaside GHHHHGIHGSmilax bracteata  
Smilacis glabrae 		Aerial parts  
Rhizomes		[44, 58]
58Smilaside HHHHAcGIHGSmilax bracteata Aerial parts[44]
59Smilaside IAcHHHGIHGSmilax bracteata Aerial parts[44]
60Smilaside JHHHHGIHISmilax bracteata  
Smilacis glabrae 		Aerial parts  
Rhizomes		[44, 58]
61Smilaside KHHHAcIIHGSmilax bracteata Aerial parts[44]
62Smilaside LHHHHIIHISmilax bracteata 
Smilacis glabrae 		Aerial parts  
Rhizomes		[44, 58]
63Smilaside MAcHHAcCis-feruloylIHHSmilax riparia Roots and rhizomes[59]
64Smilaside NAcHHAcICis-feruloylHHSmilax riparia Roots and rhizomes[59]
65Smilaside PHHHAcIIHISmilax riparia Roots and rhizomes[47]
663′,4′,6′-O-Tri-feruloylsucroseHHHHIIIHSmilax riparia Rhizomes and roots[60]
676′-O-CoumaroylsucroseHHHHHGHHBidens parviflora Whole plants[61]
681′-O-Coumaroyl-6′-O-feruloylsucroseHHHHHIHGSmilax bracteata Aerial parts[44]
694-O-Benzoyl-3′-3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamoylsucroseHDHHLHHHPolygala tricornis Roots[37]
706-O-Benzoyl-3′-O-3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamoylsucroseDHHHLHHHPolygala tricornis Roots[37]
716-O-Benzoyl-3′-O-sinapoylsucroseDHHHKHHHPolygala tricornis Roots[37]
726-O-p-Methoxybenzoyl-3′-O-3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamoylsucroseEHHHLHHHPolygala tenuifolia Roots[56]
732,6-Di-acetyl-3′,6′-di-feruloylsucroseAcHHAcIIHHSmilax china 
Smilax riparia  
Heterosmilax erythrantha 		Stems 
Roots and rhizomes 
Aerial parts		[46–48, 59]
742,6-Di-acetyl-3′-O-cis-feruloy-6′-trans-feruloylsucroseAcHHAcCis-feruloyIHHSmilax riparia Roots and rhizomes[59]
752,6-Di-acetyl-3′-O-trans-feruloy-6′-cis-feruloylsucroseAcHHAcICis-feruloylHHSmilax riparia Roots and rhizomes[59]
76Regaloside AAcHHHIHHHTrillium kamtschaticum Underground parts[41]
77Tricornose AAcHHHLHHHPolygala tricornis Roots[37]
78Mumeose AHHHAcGHHHPrunus mume Flower buds[62, 63]
79Mumeose BAcHAcHGHHHPrunus mume Flower buds[62, 63]
80Mumeose CAcHAcAcGHHHPrunus mume Flower buds[62, 63]
81Mumeose DAcAcAcAcGHHAcPrunus mume Flower buds[62, 63]
82Mumeose EAcAcAcAcCis-coumaroylHHAcPrunus mume Flower buds[62, 63]
83Mumeose FAcAcAcHGHHHPrunus mume Flower buds[63]
84Mumeose GAcHAcHGHAcHPrunus mume Flower buds[63]
85Mumeose HHHAcAcGHAcHPrunus mume Flower buds[63]
86Mumeose IAcAcAcHGAcHHPrunus mume Flower buds[63]
87Mumeose JAcAcAcAcGHAcAcPrunus mume Flower buds[63]
88Mumeose KHHAcAcGHHHPrunus mume Flower buds[64]
89Mumeose LAcHAcAcGHAcHPrunus mume Flower buds[64]
90Mumeose MAcAcAcHGHAcAcPrunus mume Flower buds[64]
91Mumeose NAcAcAcHGAcAcHPrunus mume Flower buds[64]
92Mumeose OAcHAcAcGHAcAcPrunus mume Flower buds[64]
931′,2,3,4,6-O-Penta-acetyl-3′-O-trans-coumaroylsucroseAcAcAcAcGHHAcMusella lasiocarpa Aerial parts[65]
941′,2,3,4,6-O-Penta-acetyl-3′-O-cis-coumaroylsucroseAcAcAcAcCis-coumaroylHHAcMusella lasiocarpa Aerial parts[65]
951′,2,3,6-O-Tetra-acetyl-3′-O-cis-feruloylsucroseAcHAcAcCis-feruloylHHAcSparganium stoloniferum Rhizomes[66]
961′,2,4,6-O-Tetra-acetyl-3′-O-trans-feruloylsucroseAcAcHAcIHHAcSparganium stoloniferum Rhizomes[66]
971′,2,3,6-O-Tetra-acetyl-3′-O-trans-feruloylsucroseAcHAcAcIHHAcSparganium stoloniferum Rhizomes[67]
98Sibirioside AMHHHHHHHScrophularia ningpoensis Roots[68]
99Sibricose A1KHHHHHHHCynanchum amplexicaule Roots[69]
1006-O-CaffeoylsucroseJHHHHHHHScrophularia ningpoensis Roots[68]
101AcretosideIHHHHHHHScrophularia ningpoensis Roots[68]
102Tenuifoliside BFHHHKHHHPolygala tenuifolia Roots[42, 56]
103Tenuifoliside CKHHHLHHHPolygala tricornis 
Polygala tenuifolia 		Roots[37, 42, 56]
104HeterosmilasideHHIHHIHHHeterosmilax erythrantha Aerial parts[48]
105Quiquesetinerviuside AHIHHIIHHCalamus quiquesetinervius Stems[70]
106Quiquesetinerviuside BAcIHHIIHHCalamus quiquesetinervius Stems[70]
107Quiquesetinerviuside CHIHAcIIHHCalamus quiquesetinervius Stems[70]
108Quiquesetinerviuside DAcGHHIIHHCalamus quiquesetinervius Stems[70]
109Quiquesetinerviuside EHGHAcIIHHCalamus quiquesetinervius Stems[70]
110Vanicoside AIHHAcGGHGPolygonum sachalinensis  
Polygonum cuspidatum 
Polygonum hydropiper 		Stems  
Leaves  
Rhizomes		[51, 52, 71, 72]
111Vanicoside BIHHHGGHGPolygonum sachalinensis  
Polygonum cuspidatum  
Persicaria hydropiper 		Stems  
Leaves  
Rhizomes		[43, 51, 52, 71, 72]
112Vanicoside DGHHHGGHGPersicaria hydropiper Leaves[51]
113Vanicoside EIAcHAcGGHGPolygonum hydropiper Stems and leaves[72]
114Lapathoside AIHHHGGHIPolygonum sachalinensis  
Polygonum cuspidatum  
Fagopyrum dibotrys 		Stems  
Rhizomes		[51, 73]
115Lapathoside CIHHHGGHHPolygonum sachalinensis 
Polygonum cuspidatum 		Stems[43, 52]
116Diboside AGHHHGIHGFagopyrum tataricum 
Fagopyrum dibotrys 		Roots 
Rhizomes		[57]
117Hidropiperoside AIHHHHGHGPolygonum hydropiper Stems and leaves[72]
118Hidropiperoside BIHHAcGGHIPolygonum hydropiper Stems and leaves[72]
119Tatariside BIHHAcGGHAcFagopyrum tataricum Roots[57]
120Tatariside CIAcHAcGGHAcFagopyrum tataricum Roots[57]
121Tatariside DGHHAcGIHHFagopyrum tataricum Roots[57]
122Tatariside FGHHHIIHGFagopyrum tataricum Roots[57]
1233′,6-O-Di-sinapoylsucroseKHHHKHHHPolygala tricornis 
Polygala hongkongensis 
Polygala sibirica 
Polygala tenuifolia  
Cynanchum amplexicaule 		Roots  
Root barks  
Whole plants  
Aerial parts		[37–39, 41, 53–56, 69, 74]
1246,6′-O-Di-coumaroylsucroseGHHHHGHHBidens parviflora Whole plants[61]
1251′,3′,6′-O-Tri-coumaroyl-6-feruloylsucroseIHHHGGHGFagopyrum tataricum Roots[75, 76]
1263′,6′-O-Di-coumaroyl-1′,6-O-di-feruloylsucroseIHHHGGHIFagopyrum tataricum Roots[75, 76]
1273′-O-Coumaroyl-1′,6′,6-O-tri-feruloylsucroseIHHHIGHIFagopyrum tataricum Roots[75, 76]
1281′,3′,6′,6-O-Tetra-feruloylsucroseIHHHIIHIFagopyrum tataricum Roots[75, 76]
  See Scheme 2.