Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Ulva fasciata (Green Seaweed) Extract and Evaluation of Its Cytoprotective and Antigenotoxic Effects

Figure 3

Effects of the Ulva fasciata extract on benzo[a]pyrene- (BP-) induced toxicity to rat C9 cells. (a) Cells were exposed for 12 h to increasing concentrations of Ulva fasciata extract and for an additional 6 h period in the presence of the extract and BP, or they were exposed for a 6 h period to both products. (b) Cells were exposed for 12 h to increasing concentrations of the extract; then, they were washed and exposed to the extract plus BP or BP only for an additional 24 h period. In the other condition, cells were exposed to both products for 24 h. (c) Cells were treated in conditions similar to those described in (b); however, in this case, the additional period was 48 h long. In all series, the BP concentration used was 10 μM. Finally, cell viability was determined by the MTT assay. Results are expressed as the percentage of control (untreated) cells. Each point represents the mean ± SD of three experiments with three replicates. in relation to cells treated to the toxin (Dunnett’s test).

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