Catalpol Modulates Lifespan via DAF-16/FOXO and SKN-1/Nrf2 Activation in Caenorhabditis elegans

Figure 5

Effects of catalpol on the various aging-related factors of wild-type N2 nematodes. (a) Daily and total reproductive outputs were counted. The progeny was counted at the L2 or L3 stage. (b) For the growth alteration assay, photographs were taken of worms and the body length of each animal was analyzed. (c) On the 4th day of adulthood, the pharyngeal pumping rates. Data are expressed as the mean ± S.E.M. of three independent experiments (). Differences compared to the control were considered significant at , , and by one-way ANOVA.

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