Proteomic Analysis of Anticancer TCMs Targeted at Mitochondria

Table 2

Summary of the application of proteomics to determine the mechanism of action of flavonoids and glycosides.

Compounds	Proteomics methods		ROS	Effects	Mechanism of action	Cell lines	References
Flavonoids
Baicalein	2-DE	N/A	↓	Proliferation↓	PRDX6↑ and ROS↓	DLD-1	[56]
Baicalein	N/A	↓	↑	Apoptosis↑	Mitochondrial respiration↑ and; cytochrome c oxidase activity↑	H2.35	[57]
Luteolin	2-DE	N/A	N/A	Apoptosis↑	p38↓, HSP27↓,; intracellular ATP levels↑, and; mitochondrial activity↑	CH27	[100]
Quercetin	SILAC	N/A	N/A	Migration↓; Proliferation↓	IQGAP1 and β-tubulin	HepG2	[50]
Quercetin	2-DE	N/A	N/A	N/A	NADH dehydrogenase↓	SW480	[51]
Rotenone	SILAC	↓	↑	N/A	Oxygen-sensing pathway	SH-SY5Y	[101]
Panduratin A	iTRAQ	N/A	N/A	Angiogenesis↓	mTOR signaling↓	HUVECs	[102]
Calycosin	2-DE	N/A	N/A	Proliferation↓	Cell-cycling pathway	BEL-7402	[103]
Tea polyphenols	N/A	↓	↑	Apoptosis↑	NF-κB	HeLa and SiHa	[104]
Tea polyphenols	N/A	↓	↑	Apoptosis↑	Bax and p53↑	Mouse skin cancer	[105]
Glycosides
Ginsenoside Rb1	N/A	M	M	Apoptosis↓	Mitochondrial apoptotic pathway↓	NRC	[68]
Ginsenoside Rg1	2-DE	M	M	Apoptosis↓	eNOS pathway	HUVEC	[67]
Dioscin	N/A	↓	↑	Apoptosis↑	Mitochondria-initiated apoptosis pathway	HL-60	[18]
Dioscin	iTRAQ	↓	↑	Apoptosis↑	Oxidative phosphorylation, Wnt, p53, and calcium signaling pathways	HCT-116	[62]

M: maintenance; NRC: neonatal rat cardiomyocytes; HUVEC: human umbilical vein endothelial cells; N/A: not applicable; ↑: upregulation; ↓: downregulation.