Research Article

Chinese Herbal Medicine Combined with Conventional Therapy for Blood Pressure Variability in Hypertension Patients: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Table 2

Basic characteristics of included studies.

Study IDSource of participantsSample size (I/C)Age (years, I/C)Sex (M/F)Intervention ControlTreatment duration (week or month)Outcomes

Pan 2012 [17]Outpatients and inpatientsI: 30
C: 30
I: 66.5 ± 4.5 (skewed distribution)
C: 67 ± 6.25 (Skewed distribution)
NRTian ma shu xin granule, 150 mL bidAmlodipine besylate tablet, 5 mg qd4 w24 hCV, dCV, nCV
24 hSD, dSD, nSD
24 hBP, dBP, nBP

Ma 2013 [18]Outpatients and inpatientsI: 20
C: 20
I: 49.00 ± 11.82
C: 55.10 ± 10.44
21/19Qian yang yu yin granule, 10 g tidCombined felodipine with enalapril to control blood pressure below 140/90 mmHg. felodipine, 5 mg/d, enalapril 10 mg/d, dose adjustment if blood pressure is above 140/90 mmHg8 w24 hSD, dSD, nSD
24 hBP, dBP, nBP

Liang 2007 [19]Outpatients and inpatientsI: 31
C: 30
I: 50.39 ± 8.00
C: 51.60 ± 7.07
36/25Qin dan capsule, 1.75 g tidEnalapril maleate tablet, 5 mg bid group8 wdSD, nSD
24 hBP,
The nighttime blood pressure decrease rate

Shi 2011 [20]Outpatients and inpatientsI: 20
C: 20
I: 74.25 ± 8.42
C: 73.05 ± 9.32
33/7Sang ji wen dan decoction, one packet, bidAmlodipine besylate tablet, 5 mg qd, group4 w24 hSD, dSD, nSD
24 hBP, dBP, nBP

Wang 2011 [21]OutpatientsI: 70
C: 68
I: 52.1 ± 9.3
C: 50.3 ± 8.9
73/65Songling Xuemaikang capsule, 1.5 g, tidAmlodipine besylate tablet, 5 mg qd 4 wdSD, nSD
24 hBP

Kang and Fan 2013 [22]Outpatients and inpatients
I: 60
C: 58
I: 67 ± 10
C: 66 ± 9
72/46Xian dan tong mai decoction, one packet, bidAmlodipine besylate tablet, 5 mg qd 4 w24 hSD, dSD, nSD
24 hBP, dBP, nBP

Ma et al. 2013 [23]OutpatientsI: 41
C: 37
I: 50.42 ± 4.34
C: 51.45 ± 4.70
NRXiang tian ma decoction, one packet, bidBenazepril, 10 mg qd8 w24 hSD, dSD, nSD
24 hBP, dBP, nBP

Li 2012 [24]NRI: 54
C: 56
I: NR
C: NR
NRXuezhikang capsule
600 mg, bid
A combination of ACEI and CCB as basic treatment, drug adjustment according to the circumstances6 m24 hSD
24 hBP

Ji and Han 2011 [25]Outpatients and patients in hospitalI: 80
C: 80
I: 53.3 ± 11.08
C: 56.7 ± 11.61
90/70Yang xue qing nao granule, one packet, tidConventional antihypertensive drugs12 wdSD, nSD
24 hBP, dBP, nBP,
Circadian rhythm of blood pressure

Zhang et al. 2012 [26]Outpatients and patients in hospitalI: 40
C: 40
I: NR
C: NR
NRYin gan jing decoction, one packet, bidAmlodipine besylate tablet, 5 mg qd, group1 m24 hSD,
24 hBP, dBP, nBP,
trough-to-peak ratios,
24 h smoothness index (SI)
The nighttime blood pressure decreased rate

Yan 2008 [27]Outpatients and patients in hospitalI: 30
C: 28
I: 61.54 ± 6.53
C: 60.94 ± 8.01
30/28Tiao ping kang tablet
4 tablets, tid
Nifedipine controlled released Tablets, 30 mg, qd4 w24 hSD, dSD, nSD
24 hBP, dBP, nBP,
trough-to-peak ratios,
Circadian rhythm of blood pressure, lowering blood pressure load value,
morning blood pressure,
stationarity index
pulse pressure,
pulse pressure drop rate

Liang 2011 [28]NRI: 35
C: 35
I: 61.3 ± 5.38
C: 61.7 ± 4.76
32/38Gou teng si wu decoction, one packet, bidLevamlodipine besylate tablets, 2.5 mg, qd4 w24 hSD,
24 hBP,
24 h blood pressure load,
24 h trough-to-peak ratios
the nighttime blood pressure decrease rate

Chen 2012 [29]OutpatientsI: 45
C: 45
I: NR
C: NR
NRQing xuan granule, one packet, bidAmlodipine besylate tablet, 5 mg qd, group8 w24 hCV, dCV, nCV
24 hSD, dSD, nSD
24 hBP, dBP, nBP

Notes: I: intervention group; C: control group; NR: not reported, that is, no related information is reported in the articles.
RCT: randomized controlled trial; qd: once a day; bid: twice a day; tid: three times a day; w: week; m: month; CV: coefficient of variability; SD: standard deviation; BP: blood pressure; h: hour; d: day; n: night.