Inhibitory Properties of Aqueous Ethanol Extracts of Propolis on Alpha-Glucosidase

Table 1

Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of various ethanol extracts of propolis.

Aqueous ethanol extracts of propolis (EEP)	Total phenolic contents (mg GAE/g extracts)	Total flavonoid contents (mg CE/g extracts)
Water extracts of propolis (WEP)	369.31 ± 26.87^ab	352.32 ± 0.67^a
25% ethanol extracts of propolis (25% EEP)	386.49 ± 17.36^a	504.18 ± 32.10^b
50% ethanol extracts of propolis (50% EEP)	355.71 ± 31.35^ab	620.80 ± 4.08^c
75% ethanol extracts of propolis (75% EEP)	341.05 ± 14.89^b	697.36 ± 6.15^d
95% ethanol extracts of propolis (95% EEP)	312.65 ± 24.13^cb	637.84 ± 8.13^cd
100% ethanol extracts of propolis (100% EEP)	273.94 ± 1.76^d	673.24 ± 5.96^d

Note: Water extracts of propolis were expressed as WEP. Extracts of propolis using 25%, 50%, 75%, 95%, and 100% (in water, v/v) aqueous ethanol solvents were expressed as 25% EEP, 50% EEP, 75% EEP, 95% EEP, and 100% EEP, respectively. TPC was expressed as milligram of gallic acid equivalent per gram of propolis extracts (mg GAE/g extracts). TFC was expressed as milligram of rutin equivalent per gram of propolis extracts (mg RE/g extracts). Dates are mean ± standard deviation (). Values in the same column followed by the same lower case letter are not significantly different by Duncan’s multiple range test ( < 0.05).