Supplementation of Citrus maxima Peel Powder Prevented Oxidative Stress, Fibrosis, and Hepatic Damage in Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl₄) Treated Rats

Table 3

Effect of Citrus maxima peel powder on biochemical parameters in plasma and liver.

Parameters	Groups
	Control	Control + Citrus maxima	CCl4	CCl4 + Citrus maxima
Plasma
AST (U/L)	25.71 ± 1.68^a	25.71 ± 1.88^a,c	41.20 ± 2.30^b	31.30 ± 1.98^a,c
ALT (U/L)	19.15 ± 0.99^a	22.86 ± 1.41^a	41.50 ± 1.95^b	30.74 ± 1.93^c
ALP (U/L)	54.40 ± 2.73^a	61.36 ± 3.08^a,c	81.27 ± 1.84^b	54.40 ± 2.73^a,c
MDA (nmol/mL)	4.31 ± 0.33^a,c	5.49 ± 0.35^a	7.74 ± 0.47^b	4.31 ± 0.33^a,c
NO (nmol/mL)	3.79 ± 0.22^a	5.73 ± 0.26^b,c	4.50 ± 0.65^a,c	3.79 ± 0.22^a
APOP (nmol/mL equivalent to chloramine-T)	111.14 ± 6.61^a	108.29 ± 4.26^a	242.57 ± 13.88^b	147.00 ± 5.09^c
Catalase (U/min)	5.96 ± 0.24^a	8.06 ± 1.20^a	3.67 ± 0.33^a	7.70 ± 0.89^a,c
GSH (nmol/mg protein)	19.71 ± 1.11^a	20.50 ± 1.50^a	11.14 ± 1.06^b,c	15.29 ± 0.61^a,c
Liver
AST (U/L)	36.43 ± 1.43^a	30.00 ± 2.16^a	51.20 ± 2.52^b	37.44 ± 1.73^a
ALT (U/L)	31.20 ± 2.12^a	27.00 ± 0.99^a	50.90 ± 2.97^b	37.60 ± 1.86^a
ALP (U/L)	52.97 ± 2.02^a	49.91 ± 1.53^a	95.56 ± 3.50^b	61.54 ± 3.60^a
NO (nmol/mL)	13.66 ± 0.58^a,c	12.50 ± 1.18^a,c	22.36 ± 0.98^b	15.36 ± 1.35^a
MDA (nmol/mL)	13.60 ± 0.21^a	12.20 ± 0.78^a	27.74 ± 0.47^b	21.17 ± 1.14^c
APOP (nmol/mL equivalent to chloramine-T)	268.29 ± 18.04^a	217.14 ± 8.48^a	1236.29 ± 11.68^b	894.00 ± 32.02^c
Catalase (U/min)	47.39 ± 2.66^a	43.77 ± 3.31^a	24.67 ± 0.43^b	34.84 ± 2.24^c
GSH (nmol/mg protein)	39.61 ± 1.17^a	43.36 ± 2.89^a	21.71 ± 1.54^b	31.00 ± 2.35^c

Values are presented as mean ± SEM. in each group or otherwise specified. One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni tests were done as post hoc test. Values are considered significant when . a versus b, Control versus CCl₄; b versus c, CCl₄ versus Citrus maxima treatment.