Toxic Markers of Matrine Determined Using ¹H-NMR-Based Metabolomics in Cultured Cells In Vitro and Rats In Vivo

Figure 3

Abundance of selected metabolites was obtained by measuring the integral of a single, resolved resonance from each metabolite in ¹H-NMR of urine from rats after treatment with matrine. (a) 2-oxoglutarate, (b) citrate, (c) hippurate, (d) succinate, (e) taurine, (f) trimethylamine N-oxide. White bar: control group, gray bar: low dose group, striped bar: middle dose group, and black bar: high dose group. Data presented in this figure were mean ± SD . Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences between control and treated cells (, ).

(a) 2-OG

(b) Cit

(c) Hipp

(d) Succ

(e) Tau

(f) TMAO