Inhibitory Effects of Chrysanthemum boreale Essential Oil on Biofilm Formation and Virulence Factor Expression of Streptococcus mutans

Table 3

GC and GC-MS analysis of the essential oil isolated from C. boreale.

Peak; no.^a	Components	Retention index		Peak area; (%)^d
		Polar^b	Apolar^c
Monoterpene hydrocarbons				(19.66)
1	Tricyclene	1009	920	0.18
2	-Pinene	1027	933	4.97
3	-Thujene	1030	925	0.23
4	Camphene	1070	945	4.19
5	-Pinene	1110	970	4.45
6	Sabinene	1123	966	0.61
10	Myrcene	1167	984	0.92
11	-Terpinene	1181	1007	0.48
13	Limonene	1199	1020	0.65
16	cis-β-Ocimene	1239	1029	0.87
17	-Terpinene	1249	1050	0.47
18	p-Cymene	1276	1022	1.34
19	Terpinolene	1286	1078	0.30
Oxygenated monoterpenes				(47.23)
12	2,3-Dehydro-1,8-cineole	1191	976	0.05
14	1,8-Cineole	1212	1020	4.52
22	-Thujone	1427	1090	5.46
23	-Thujone	1441	1096	1.04
28	Camphor	1518	1124	20.89
30	Linalool	1537	1101	0.10
31	trans-Sabinene hydrate	1562	1051	0.40
32	trans-Chrysanthenyl acetate	1569	1186	0.46
33	Bornyl acetate	1576	1268	0.69
35	Terpinen-4-ol	1599	1165	0.72
36	Lavandulyl acetate	1608	—	0.08
37	Myrtenal	1621	1167	0.15
38	Umbellulone	1639	1149	0.28
39	Pinocarveol	1651	1124	0.29
40	p-Mentha-1,5-dien-8-ol	1662	1169	0.60
43	-Terpineol	1697	1174	0.38
44	Borneol	1701	1146	1.94
48	Piperitone	1725	1224	5.27
49	Carvone	1731	1212	1.14
50	cis-Chrysanthenol	1761	1157	2.07
53	Myrtenol	1795	1179	0.32
54	trans-Carveol	1833	1181	0.09
55	Geraniol	1852	—	0.07
56	Geranyl acetone	1854	—	0.08
57	cis-Carveol	1860	1196	0.14
Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons				12.51
25	-Guaiene	1470	—	0.09
27	-Copaene	1493	1370	0.32
29	Berkheyaradulen	1527	1377	0.19
34	-Caryophyllene	1590	1412	5.71
41	cis-β-Farnesene	1671	—	0.38
42	-Selinene	1676	1488	0.15
45	epi-Sesquiphellandrene	1707	—	5.16
46	Widdrene	1710	—	0.09
47	Zingiberene	1714	1496	0.42
51	ar-Curcumene	1780	1484	0.28
Oxygenated Sesquiterpenes				(4.44)
58	Caryophyllene oxide	1975	1561	2.08
59	Viridiflorol	2042	1569	0.10
60	Nerolidol	2049	1555	0.38
61	Elemol	2072	—	0.40
62	Spathulenol	2118	1563	0.42
64	Torreyol	2167	1606	0.15
67	epi-Globulol	2217	1589	0.44
68	Farnesol	2244	1688	0.03
70	-Costol	2301	—	0.29
71	Caryophyllenol II	2349	—	0.07
72	Farnesol (isomer)	2353	1704	0.08
Others				(1.58)
5	n-Hexanal	1087	835	0.07
8	Butyl benzene	1126	938	0.11
9	2-Methylpropylbenzene	1133	1050	0.14
15	2-Pentyl furan	1236	981	0.04
20	6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one	1341	—	0.06
21	n-Hexanol	1356	882	0.10
24	1-Octen-3-ol	1454	966	0.21
26	2,2,4-Trimethyl-2-cyclohexene carbaldehyde	1474	1040	0.04
52	Methyl salicylate	1789	1169	0.07
63	Eugenol	2164	1327	0.29
65	Thymol	2185	1275	0.34
66	Carvacrol	2212	1275	0.05
69	Decanoic acid	2263	—	0.06
Total identified				(85.42)

Numbering refers to the elution order on Supelcowax 10 column.
^bRetention index on polar Supelcowax 10 column.
^cRetention index on apolar SPB-1 column.
^dPeak area percentage is based on polar Supelcowax 10 column, and values represent averages of three determinations.