Ferulic Acid Attenuates TGF-β1-Induced Renal Cellular Fibrosis in NRK-52E Cells by Inhibiting Smad/ILK/Snail Pathway

Figure 4

Effects of FA on TGF-β1-induced expression of pSmad2/3 in NRK-52E cells. NRK-52E cells were incubated with 5 ng/mL of TGF-β1 for 48 h with different concentrations of FA (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μM). (a) Expression of Smad2/3 and pSmad2/3 at the protein level was determined by western blotting with β-actin used as an internal control. (b) The pSmad2/3 was quantitatively analyzed with Image J software. The data showing mean ± SD. , , and versus control (0 ng/mL TGF-β1). , , and versus control (0 μM FA in the presence of 5 ng/mL TGF-β1).

(a)

(b)