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| Author | Year | Title | Objective | Outcomes |
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| Cabrini et al. [38] | 2006 | Bispectral Index evaluation of the sedative effect of acupuncture in healthy volunteers | Evaluation of BIS changes due to bilateral MA at PC6, LR3, HT7, Yintang, ear point Shenmen versus nearby NAP | BIS values did not differ between true and sham acupuncture at any time point during the study period and BIS changes over time did not differ between the two treatments. |
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| Hsu et al. [39] | 2011 | Variations of brain activities of acupuncture to TE5 of left hand in normal subjects | Evaluation of effects on the EEG during and after MA at TH5 (l) versus nearby NAP | During acupuncture stimulation, the theta energy was increased. During acupuncture, only alpha energy was noted to have statistical difference. |
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| Kim et al. [40] | 2008 | The effect of acupuncture at PC-6 on the electroencephalogram and electrocardiogram | Evaluation of MA effects on the EEG during PC6 versus nearby NAP | EEG signals increased after acupuncture stimulation. In each frequency band, the average amplitude of EEG power was higher after acupuncture stimulation than after NAP stimulation. |
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| Kim et al. [43] | 2009 | A characteristic estimation of bio-signals for electro-acupuncture stimulations in human subjects | Evaluation of bilateral EA effects at PC5 versus PC6 versus nearby NAP on the EEG | Their findings showed that during verum acupuncture the power spectrum of the low frequency bands in the EEG increased in all lobes. |
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| Litscher [41] | 2004 | Effects of acupressure, manual acupuncture and laserneedle acupuncture on EEG bispectral index and spectral edge frequency in healthy volunteers | Evaluation of the effects on BIS during MA versus laser acupuncture versus acupressure at Yintang versus acupressure at NAP (near Yintang) | The study reports a decrease of BIS and spectral edge frequency values for acupressure and laser acupuncture at Yintang and for acupressure at the NAP, but not for manual acupuncture. |
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| Streitberger et al. [42] | 2008 | Effects of verum acupuncture compared to placebo acupuncture on quantitative EEG and heart rate variability in healthy volunteers | Evaluation of the effects on the quantitative EEG during MA at LI4 (bil) versus Streitberger sham acupuncture at nearby NAP | In linear relation to heart rate variability (HRV) changes, verum acupuncture influenced the power EEG with increase in the alpha1-frequency of the occipital region with a shift of the alpha1/theta ratio to the benefit of alpha1 over all electrodes.
A negative linear correlation was found between the theta-band of the quantitative EEG and the HRV parameters, and a negative linear correlation was also found between low frequency and alpha1 as well as between high frequency and alpha1. |
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