Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Review Article

Neuroimaging and Neuromonitoring Effects of Electro and Manual Acupuncture on the Central Nervous System: A Literature Review and Analysis

Table 5

Results fMRI.
AuthorMethodologyNeedling detailsControl interventionTechnology
ParticipantsHandednessGroupsSessionsPoints
(uni-/bilateral)		Needling depthManipulationdeqiRetention timeIntervention 1Group 1Intervention 2Group 2Intervention 3Group 3Intervention 4Group 4Technical deviceSoftware
Bai et al. [44]16Right12ST36 (r)20–30 mm90 sec, 1 Hzyes15 minManual16NAP16    3 TeslaSPM5
Cheng et al. [45]32Right22ST36 (r)n/a90 sec, 1 Hzn/a15 minManual16NAP16    3 TeslaSPM5
Cho et al. [46]10Right14LI11 (l), ST36 (l)15–20 mm3 × 30 sec, 2 Hzyes180 secManual10Cotton tip10    3 TeslaSPM2
Dong et al. [47]39Right31GB37, BL60n/a2 × 30 sec, 1 Hzyes3 min 40 secManual13NAP13BL6013  3 TeslaSPM5
Feng et al. [48]14Right12ST36 (r)n/a90 secyes15 minManual14NAP14    3 TeslaSPM5
Zyloney et al. [60]18Right1 ST36 (l)15–25 mm2 × 60 sec + 1 × 300 sec, 1-2 Hzyes10.5 minManual18vFrey18Electro18TEAS183 TeslaSPM5
Li et al. [49]22Right21GB37n/a2 × 30 secyes3 minManual11NAP11    3 TeslaSPM5
Liu et al. [50]18Right12ST36 (r)20–30 mm90 sec, 1 Hzyes8.5 minManual18NAP18    3 TeslaSPM5
Jiang et al. [58]14n/a12ST36 (r)10–20 mm90 sec, 1 Hzyes15 minManual14NAP14    3 TeslaSPM5
Liu et al. [51]18Right22ST3615 mm3 × 60 sec, 2 HzYes20 minManual9NAP9    1.5 TeslaSPM5
Liu et al. [52]41Right41LR310 mm120 sec, 1 HzYes2 minManual11 + 10NAP10 + 9    1.5 TeslaSPM2
Liu et al. [53]22Right12GB3720–30 mm2 × 60 sec, 1 HzYes220 secManual22NAP22    3 TeslaSPM5
Murase et al. [54]26Right21LI4 (r)15 mm4 × 15 sec, 1 Hzn/a270 secManual13vFrey13    1.5 TeslaSPM8
Napadow et al. [55]18Right12ST36 (l), SP9 (l)20–30 mm2 sec, 1 HzYes300 secManual18vFrey18    3 TeslaFSL, AFMI
Yeo et al. [56]15Right12BL62 (r)10 mm2 × 30 sec, 2 HzYes4 minManual15Blunt needle15    3 TeslaSPM5
You et al. [57]28Right21ST36 (r)15–25 mm120 sec, 1 HzYes9 minManual14NAP14    3 TeslaSPM5
Liu et al. [59]48Right41LI3 (r), LI4 (r)15 mm2 HzYes25 minElectron/aStreitbergern/a    3 Teslan/a