Review Article
Neuroimaging and Neuromonitoring Effects of Electro and Manual Acupuncture on the Central Nervous System: A Literature Review and Analysis
| | Author | Methodology | Needling details | Control intervention | Technology | | Participants | Handedness | Groups | Sessions | Points
(uni-/bilateral) | Needling depth | Manipulation | deqi | Retention time | Intervention 1 | Group 1 | Intervention 2 | Group 2 | Intervention 3 | Group 3 | Imaging | Technical device | Software |
| | Biella et al. [24] | 13 | n/a | 1 | 2 | ST36 (bil), LU5 (bil) | 10–20 mm | n/a | Yes | 25 min | Manual | 13 | 2x NAP | 13 | | | PET H2(15)O bolus | GE-Advance | SPM96 | | Dougherty et al. [35] | 12 | Right | 2 | 2 | LI4 (r) | 10 mm | 3 × 420 sec, 3 Hz | Yes | 29 min | Manual | 6 | Streitberger | 6 | | | PET 11C diprenorphine | PC-4096 | SPM2 | | Hsieh et al. [17] | 16 | Right | 2 | 1 | LI4 (r) | 3 mm | 30 sec, 2 Hz | Yes | 180 sec | Manual | 8 | NAP | 8 | | | PET rCBF | n/a | SPM96 | | Lai et al. [36] | 18 | Right | 3 | 1 | TH5 (r) | 15 ± 2 mm | 1 Hz | Yes | 19 min | Manual | 9 | Streitberger | 9 | Blunt needle | 9 | PET 18F-FDG | ECAT EXACT HR+ | SPM2 | |
Schlünzen et al. [37] | 13 | Right | 2 | 1 | LI4 (r) | 10 mm | 3 Hz | n/a | n/a | Manual + sevoflurane | 7 | NAP | 6 | | | PET CBF | ECAT EXACT HR | n/a |
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