Antiviral Activity of a Zymolytic Grain Based Extract on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 In Vitro

Figure 2

Anti-HIV-1 activity of ZGE comes from grain component(s) and is independent on its acidic property. (a) MAGI-CCR5 cells were infected with the prepared virions mixed with the indicated concentration of ZGE, ZGE-S, ZGE-P, ZGE (pH7.0), ZGE-S (pH7.0), PBS (pH4.0), or control DMEM. Viral infectivity was tested in a MAGI assay. (b) A repeated assay on TZM-bl cells as (a). Viral infectivity was tested in a luciferase indicator assay. Results in (a) and (b) are the average of three independent experiments. The statistical significance was tested between the ZGE-S group and ZGE-P group. (c) ¹H NMR spectra of ZGE-S and ZGE-P. Chemical shifts (δ in ppm) were determined with a residual proton of the solvent (DMSO) as standard. (d) Cell viability was assessed after 48 h treatment with different concentrations of ZGE, ZGE-S, and ZGE-P by using an MTT assay.

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