Ethnomedicinal Plants Used by Traditional Healers to Treat Oral Health Problems in Cameroon

Table 3

Medicinal plants used for the management of oral problems.

Common names	Scientific names	Parts used	Forms of preparation	Diseases treated	Method of administration
(1)	Acalypha sp.	Leaves	Boil	Toothache	Gargling
(2)	Coleus blumei	Leaves	Paste	Sore mouth and toothache	Brushing
(3)	Sida rhombofrica	Whole	Chewing stick and mouth rinse	Toothache	Gargling/brushing
(4)	Chenopodium ambrosioides	Whole	Paste	Toothache	Placing on painful tooth
(5) Masung		Seeds	Paste	Toothache	Directing the smoke from melted paste into the mouth
(6) Atui	Ancistrocladus abbreviatus	Bark	Boiled bark	Toothache	Calm down pain after mouth rinse
(7) Bird eye view	Aspilia africana	Whole	Paste	Dry mouth and toothache	Brushing
(8) Bitter leaves	Vernonia amygdalina	Leaves	Solution	Toothache	Gargling
(9) Blue verbena	Stachytarpheta; angustifolia	Leaves	Deconction	Toothache	Mouth rinse
(10) Castor bean	Ricinus communis	Leaves	Solution	Toothache	Gargling
(11) Clue de geof (clove)	Syzygium aromaticum	Dried fruits	Wet paste	Toothache	Pain reliever
(12) Coconut	Cocos nucifera	Shell and roots	Powder and whole roots	Toothache and tooth sensitivity	Direct application and boil and gaggle
(13) Cola nut tree	Cola nitida	Bark and fruit	Solution and paste	Sore mouth and toothache	Direct application and gargling
(14) Bitter kola	Garcinia kola	Bark and seeds	Mouth rinse and grinded paste	Toothache and mouth thrush	Gargling paste applied by rubbing on sore areas
(15) Dibobonji	Alchornea cordifolia	Stem/bark	Boil	Toothache	Mouthwash
(16) Esamba	Pycnanthus angolensis	Stem, bark, and leaves	Deconction	Toothache	Mouth rinse
(17) Eucalyptus tree	Eucalyptus saligna	Leaves	Solution/paste	Halitosis, toothache, and TMJ joint pain	Gargling
(18) Eye fowl	Spilanthes africana (Asteraceae)	Flower buds	Whole parts	Mouth odor, broken teeth or jaws, and toothache	Chew fresh or dry until peppery taste is felt; Direct application to the cavity for toothache
(19) Garlic	Allium sativum	Root	Paste	Gingivitis/toothache	Direct application
(20) Guava leaves	Psidium guajava	Leaves	Hot mouth rinse	Toothache and mouth ulcer	Calm down pain and wound healing
(21) Long pepper	Capsicum frutescens	Fruits	Paste	Toothache and oral candida	Mouth rinse/gaggling
(22) Maize	Zea maize	Whole	Powder	Mouth lesions and bullous lesion	Brushing
(23) Mango plant	Mangifera indica	Bark and root/leaves	Solution	Toothache/soft tissue inflammation	Gargling
(24) Medmekube	Acmella caurlirhiza	Fruits	Paste	Toothache and abscess	Maceration
(25) Moringa	Moringa oleifera	Root	Decoction	Toothache	Mouth rinse
(26) Njansang	Ricinodendron heudelotii	Seeds	Paste	Toothache	Apply directly
(27) Pawpaw	Carica papaya	Leaf latex and leaf	Solution	Toothache, mouth sores, sore throat, and thrush	Gargling
(28) Peace plant	Dracaena diesteliana	Root	Solution	Toothache	Harvest fresh boil and gargle
(29) Pear tree	Persea americana	Seed and bark	Deconcoction	Toothache	Gaggling of hot solution
(30) Sun flower	Arnica montana	Leaves	Solution	Toothache	Gargling
(31) Sweet potato	Ipomoea batatas	Fresh leaves	Wet paste	Acute toothache/inflammation	Direct application
(32) Tobacco	Nicotinia tobacum	Dried or fresh leaves	Powder or wet paste	Powder for toothache and paste for tooth bleaching	Direct application of powder into cavity to arrest caries or mummify pulp tissue; Direct application of fresh squeezed paste to bleach teeth