Research Article

Laser Acupuncture for Postoperative Pain Management in Cats

Table 3

Multidimensional Composite Pain Scale (Brondani et al., 2011 [31]).

PostureThe cat is in a natural posture with relaxed muscles (it moves normally)0
The cat is in a natural posture but is tense (it moves little or is reluctant to move)1
The cat is sitting or is in sternal recumbency with its back arched and head down; or the cat is in dorsolateral recumbency with its pelvic limbs extended or contracted2
The cat frequently alters its body position in an attempt to find a comfortable posture3

ComfortThe cat is comfortable, awake, or asleep and interacts when stimulated (it interacts with the observer and/or is interested in its surroundings)0
The cat is quiet and slightly receptive when stimulated (it interacts little with the observer and/or is not very interested in its surroundings)1
The cat is quiet and is “dissociated from the environment” (even when stimulated it does not interact with the observer and/or has no interest in its surroundings); the cat may be facing the back of the cage2
The cat is uncomfortable, restless (frequently changes its body position), and slightly receptive when stimulated or “dissociated from the environment”; the cat may be facing the back of the cage3

ActivityThe cat moves normally (it immediately moves when the cage is opened; outside the cage it moves spontaneously when stimulated or handled)0
The cat moves more than normal (inside the cage it moves continuously from side to side)1
The cat is quieter than normal (it may hesitate to leave the cage and if removed from the cage tends to return; outside the cage it moves a little after stimulation or handling)2
The cat is reluctant to move (it may hesitate to leave the cage and if removed from the cage tends to return; outside the cage it does not move even when stimulated or handled)3

AttitudeA: satisfied, the cat is alert, is interested in its surroundings (explores its surroundings), and is friendly and interactive with the observer (plays and/or responds to stimuli); the cat may initially interact with the observer through games to distract it from the pain; carefully observe to distinguish between distraction and satisfaction games; B: uninterested, the cat does not interact with the observer (is not interested in toys or plays a little and does not respond to calls or strokes from the observer); in cats which do not like to play, evaluate interaction with the observer by its response to calls and strokes; C: indifferent, the cat is not interested in its surroundings (it is not curious; it does not explore its surroundings); the cat can initially be afraid to explore its surroundings; the observer needs to handle the cat and encourage it to move itself (take it out of the cage and/or change its body position); D: anxious, the cat is frightened (it tries to hide or escape) or nervous (demonstrating impatience and growling, howling, or hissing when stroked and/or handled); E: aggressive, the cat is aggressive (tries to bite or scratch when stroked or handled)
Presence of the mental state A0
Presence of one of the mental states B, C, D, or E1
Presence of two of the mental states B, C, D, or E2
Presence of three or all of the mental states B, C, D, or E3

Miscellaneous behaviorsA: the cat is lying down and is quiet but is moving its tail. B: the cat contracts and extends its pelvic limbs and/or contracts its abdominal muscles (flank); C: the cats eyes are partially closed (eyes half closed); D: the cat licks and/or bites the surgical wound
All of the above behaviors are absent0
Presence of one of the above behaviors1
Presence of two of the above behaviors2
Presence of three or all of the above behaviors3

Reaction to palpation of the surgical woundThe cat does not react when the surgical wound is touched or pressed; or there is no change from presurgical response (if basal evaluation was made)0
The cat does not react when the surgical wound is touched but does react when it is pressed; it may vocalize and/or try to bite1
The cat reacts when the surgical wound is touched and when it is pressed; it may vocalize and/or try to bite2
The cat reacts when the observer approaches the surgical wound; it may vocalize and/or try to bite; the cat does not allow palpation of the surgical wound3

Reaction to palpation of the abdomen/flankThe cat does not react when the abdomen/flank is touched or pressed; or there is no change from presurgical response (if basal evaluation was made); the abdomen/flank is not tense0
The cat does not react when the abdomen/flank is touched but does react when it is pressed; the abdomen/flank is tense1
The cat reacts when the abdomen/flank is touched and when it is pressed; the abdomen/flank is tense2
The cat reacts when the observer approaches the abdomen/flank; it may vocalize and/or try to bite; the cat does not allow palpation of the abdomen/flank3

VocalizationThe cat is quiet, is purring when stimulated, or miaows interacting with the observer but does not growl, groan, or hiss0
The cat purrs spontaneously (without being stimulated or handled by the observer)1
The cat growls, howls, or hisses when handled by the observer (when its body position is changed by the observer)2
The cat growls, howls, or hisses spontaneously (without being stimulated or handled by the observer)3