Bitters: Time for a New Paradigm

Table 1

Cardiovascular changes in the gastric phase of digestion.

Condition	HR		SV	CO	PVR	AC	S.BP	D.BP
Control				0	0	0
G500	0	0				0	0	0
G1500	0	0				0	0	0
W500	0	0				0	0	0
W1500	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

HR: heart rate, : contraction force, SV: stroke volume, CO: cardiac output, PVR: peripheral vascular resistance, AC: arterial compliance, S.BP: systolic blood pressure, D.DP: diastolic blood pressure, G500: gentian 500 mg, G1500: gentian 1500 mg, W500: wormwood 500 mg, W1500: wormwood 1500 mg. ↑: increase, and ↓: decrease; , , pre-post ingestion comparisons for the control condition; , , placebo-controlled pre-post ingestion comparisons.