Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine / 2015 / Article / Tab 1 / Research Article
Relationship between Health Insurance Status and the Pattern of Traditional Medicine Utilisation in Ghana Table 1 (a) Background characteristics of study participants by health insurance status. (b) Medical/clinical characteristics of the study participants by health insurance status.
(a) Variable National health insurance status valueInsured Uninsured Total (71.6%) (28.4%) (%) Age (years) <20 5 (2.2) 4 (4.3) 9 (2.8) 0.618 20–29 56 (24.1) 28 (30.4) 84 (25.9) 30–39 59 (25.4) 18 (19.6) 77 (23.8) 40–49 44 (19.0) 15 (16.3) 59 (18.2) 50–59 32 (13.8) 14 (15.2) 46 (14.2) ≥60 36 (15.5) 13 (14.1) 49 (15.1) Sex Male 81 (34.9) 49 (53.3) 130 (40.1) 0.002 Female 151 (65.1) 43 (46.7) 194 (59.9) Residential status Urban 115 (49.6) 47 (51.1) 162 (50.0) 0.805 Rural 117 (50.4) 45 (48.9) 162 (50.0) Marital status Single 81 (34.9) 42 (45.7) 123 (38.0) 0.042 Married 151 (65.1) 50 (54.3) 201 (62.0) Educational status Never been to school 35 (15.1) 18 (19.6) 53 (16.4) 0.281 Basic education 115 (49.6) 39 (42.4) 154 (47.5) Secondary 52 (22.4) 27 (29.3) 79 (24.4) Tertiary 30 (12.9) 8 (8.7) 38 (11.7) Educational status (partner) Never been to school 23 (13.3) 12 (20.0) 35 (15.0) 0.585 Basic education 74 (42.8) 26 (43.3) 100 (42.9) Secondary 57 (32.9) 16 (26.7) 73 (31.3) Tertiary 19 (11.0) 6 (10.0) 25 (10.7) Total 173 (100.0) 60 (100.0) 233 (100.0) Religious background ATR 5 (2.2) 3 (3.3) 8 (2.5) 0.190a Christianity 193 (83.2) 71 (77.2) 264 (81.5) Islamic 28 (12.1) 11 (12.0) 39 (12.0) Other 6 (2.6) 7 (7.6) 13 (4.0) Employment status Employed 197 (86.4) 79 (86.8) 276 (86.5) 0.923 Unemployed 31 (13.6) 12 (13.2) 43 (13.5) Total 228 (100.0) 91 (100.0) 319 (100.0) Nature of occupation Trading 91 (39.2) 21 (22.8) 112 (34.6) 0.021 Farming 33 (14.2) 19 (20.7) 52 (16.0) Government 34 (14.7) 9 (9.8) 43 (13.3) Artisan 41 (17.7) 20 (21.7) 61 (18.8) Schooling 7 (3.0) 6 (6.5) 13 (4.0) Others 26 (11.2) 17 (18.5) 43 (13.3) Working experience (years) 1–5 67 (32.8) 30 (37.5) 97 (34.2) 0.616 6–10 48 (23.5) 17 (21.3) 65 (22.9) 11–15 32 (15.7) 16 (20.0) 48 (16.9) 16–20 24 (11.8) 9 (11.3) 33 (11.6) ≥21 33 (16.2) 8 (10.0) 41 (14.4) Total 204 (100.0) 80 (100.0) 284 (100.0) Tribe/ethnicity Akan 185 (79.7) 68 (73.9) 253 (78.1) 0.227a Ewe 8 (3.4) 9 (9.8) 17 (5.2) Ga-Dangme 14 (6.0) 5 (5.4) 19 (5.9) Mole-Dagbani 18 (7.8) 5 (5.4) 23 (7.1) Guan 4 (1.7) 3 (3.3) 7 (2.2) Gurma 3 (1.3) 2 (2.2) 5 (1.5) Household size <3 67 (28.9) 33 (35.9) 100 (30.9) 0.063 4–6 108 (46.6) 27 (29.3) 135 (41.7) 7–10 43 (18.5) 24 (26.1) 67 (20.7) 11–15 9 (3.9) 3 (3.3) 12 (3.7) 16–19 1
(0.4) 2 (2.2) 3 (0.9) ≥20 4 (1.7) 3 (3.3) 7 (2.2) Household monthly income (GH¢) ≤100 51 (31.5) 25 (42.4) 76 (34.4) 0.273a 101–300 62 (38.3) 18 (30.5) 80 (36.2) 301–500 28 (17.3) 12 (20.3) 40 (18.1) 501–1000 21 (13.0) 4 (6.8) 25 (11.3) ≥1001 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) Total 162 (100.0) 59 (100.0) 221 (100.0)
; ; a result is based on FET.(b) Characteristic National health insurance status valueInsured Uninsured Total (71.6%) (28.4%) (%) Current health status Poor 13 (5.6) 4 (4.4) 17 (5.3) 0.655 Satisfactory 40 (17.2) 14 (15.6) 54 (16.8) Good 98 (42.2) 45 (50.0) 143 (44.4) Very good 81 (34.9) 27 (30.0) 108 (33.5) Total 232 (100.0) 90 (100.0) 322 (100.0) Chronic disease Yes 75 (32.6) 19 (22.6) 94 (29.9) 0.104 No 128 (55.7) 49 (58.3) 177 (56.4) Do not know 27 (11.7) 16 (19.0) 43 (13.7) Total 230 (100.0) 84 (100.0) 314 (100.0) Efficacy of TRM Poor 10 (4.3) 5 (5.4) 15 (4.6) 0.952 Satisfactory 24 (10.3) 15 (16.3) 39 (12.0) Good 105 (45.3) 30 (32.6) 135 (41.7) Very good 93 (40.1) 42 (45.7) 135 (41.7) Safe use of TRM Poor 10 (4.3) 8 (8.7) 18 (5.6) 0.912 Satisfactory 46 (19.8) 14 (15.2) 60 (18.5) Good 115 (49.6) 47 (51.1) 162 (50.0) Very good 61 (26.3) 23 (25.0) 84 (25.9)