|
| Herb names (ingredients, country) | Extracts | Type | Doses | Model | Results | References |
|
| Antioxidant effects |
| A. capillaris and Picrorhiza Rhizome 2 : 1 (Korea) | Water | In vivo | 200 mg/kg | -injected rats | Liver weight↓
AST, ALT↓
Protein contents in the liver↑
Hydroxyproline↓ | [16] |
| A. capillaris (Korea) | Water | In vivo | 0.05, 0.1 g/kg | High-fat diet induced obese mice | SOD↑
GSH-px↓
CAT↓
GSH↓
TBARS↓
Carbonyl value↓
AST, ALT↓ | [17] |
| A. capillaris (China) | Water | In vivo | | Rats with bile duct ligation | MDA↓
SOD↑
GSH-Px↑
CAT↑ | [18] |
| A. capillaris (Korea) | Water | In vivo | 50, 100 mg/kg | Alcohol-pyrazole-fed rat | AST, ALT↓
ALP↓
LDH↓
ROS↓
TAC↑
GSH↑
GSH-Px↑
GSH-Rd↑
SOD↑
Catalase↑
Nrf2↑
HO1↑ | [19] |
|
| Antisteatotic effects |
| A. capillaris (Korea) | Ethanol | In vitro | 100 g/mL | FFAs-treated HepG2 | Lipid accumulation↓ | [13] |
| A. capillaris (Korea) | | In vivo | 100 mg/kg | C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet | Mitochondrial β-oxidation↑
Fatty acid synthase↓
Glycerol-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase↓ | [14] |
| A. capillaris (scoparone, Korea) | | In vivo | | High-fat diet induced obese rats | TG↓
TC↓
LDL↓
HDL↑
SOD↑ | [20] |
|
| Anti-inflammatory effects |
| A. capillaris (Korea) | Water | In vitro | | RINm5F rat insulinoma cells | NO↓
NF-κB↓
Insulin release↑ | [21] |
| A. capillaris (Korea) | Water | In vitro | | LPS-induced HepG2 and rat liver | iNOS↓
COX-2↓
TNF-α
NF-κB↓ | [22] |
| A. capillaris (Korea) | Methanol | In vitro | 10 g/mL | Rat splenocytes | iNOS↓
COX-2↓
TNF-α
IL-6↓ | [23] |
|
| Antiviral effects |
| A. capillaris (pumilaside A, China) | Ethanol | In vitro | | HepG2.2.15 | HBsAg↓
HBeAg↓
HBV DNA↓ | [24] |
| A. capillaris (p-hydroxyacetophenone derivatives, China) | | In vitro | | HepG2.2.15 | HBV DNA↓ | [25] |
|
| Choleretic effects |
| A. capillaris (Japan) | Water | In vivo | 3 mL/day | Rats | Bile flow↑ | [26] |
| A. capillaris (Japan) | | In vivo | 50 mg/kg | Rats | Bile secretion↑ | [8] |
|
| Antifibrotic effects |
| A. capillaris (Korea) | Water | In vivo | 50 mg/kg | Rats with bile duct ligation | α-SMA↓
PDGF-↓
TGF-↓
Col1A1↓
TIMP1↓
TIMP2↓ | [27] |
| A. capillaris (β-sitosterol, Korea) | | In vitro | 120 M | LX2 cells | Collagen-1↓
α-SMA↓
Caspases 3, 9↑
BAX↑
Bcl-2↓
Mcl-1↓
pMEK↓
pERK↓ | [7] |
| A. capillaris (β-sitosterol, Korea) | | In vivo | 40 mg/kg | DMN-induced fibrotic mouse | Collagen-1↓
α-SMA↓ | [7] |
| A. capillaris (China) | Water | In vivo | | -induced rats | PDGF-↓
TGF-↓
CTGF↓ | [3] |
|
| Antitumor effects |
| A. capillaris (capillin, Japan) | Water | In vitro | 2 M | HL-60 cells | Cell growth↓
JNK/SAPK activation
Cytochrome c release | [28] |
| A. capillaris (China) | Water | In vitro | 25~200 g/mL | SMMC-7721, human hepatoma cell line | Cell growth↓
arrest | [29] |
|
