Pharmacokinetic Interactions of Herbs with Cytochrome P450 and P-Glycoprotein

Table 5

The modulation of CYP and P-gp by ginseng.

Compound type	Species	System	CYP	P-gp	Ref.
Extract	Rat	In vitro; Activity	CYP1A1/2 (↓); CYP1B1 (↓); CYP2E1 (↓)		[83]
Extract	Rat	In vitro; mRNA	CYP1A2 (↔); CYP2B1 (↔); CYP3A23 (↔)		[84]
Extract	Human	In vitro; Activity	CYP1A1 (↓); CYP1A2 (↓); CYP1B1 (↓)		[85]
Ginsenoside Rd	Human	In vitro; Activity	CYP2C9 (↓); CYP2C19 (↓); CYP2D6 (↓); CYP3A4 (↓)		[86]
Ginsenoside Rc, Rf	Human	In vitro; Activity	CYP2C9 (↑); CYP3A4 (↑)		[86]
Ginsenoside Rg3	Human	In vitro; Activity		P-gp (↓)	[87]