Muscle Activation of Vastus Medialis Oblique and Vastus Lateralis in Sling-Based Exercises in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: A Cross-Over Study

Table 1

Electromyography analysis of MVC for the sling-based open and closed kinetic knee extension and hip adduction exercises.

	Sling-based open kinetic knee extension exercise			Sling-based closed kinetic knee extension exercise			Sling-based hip adduction exercise
	VMO (%)	VL (%)	VMO : VL	VMO (%)	VL (%)	VMO : VL	VMO (%)	VL (%)	VMO : VL
Male; ()	0.61 ± 0.15	0.76 ± 0.13^‡	0.81 ± 0.34	0.69 ± 0.19^†	0.71 ± 0.16^†	1.01 ± 0.32	0.54 ± 0.13	0.57 ± 0.15	1.01 ± 0.36
Female; ()	0.60 ± 0.24	0.76 ± 0.12^‡	0.78 ± 0.30^‡	0.72 ± 0.19	0.74 ± 0.12^†	0.98 ± 0.25	0.53 ± 0.14	0.55 ± 0.14	1.02 ± 0.61
Total; ()	0.60 ± 0.20^‡	0.76 ± 0.12^‡	0.80 ± 0.31^‡	0.71 ± 0.20	0.72 ± 0.13^†	1.00 ± 0.28	0.54 ± 0.13	0.56 ± 0.14	1.02 ± 0.35

VMO = vastus medialis oblique; VL = vastus lateralis. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in the VMO and VL activities between male and female participants for the 3 exercises.
MVC = (MVC for sling-based exercise/average of maximal isometric MVC test for knee extension) 100.
Significantly greater muscle activation () compared with the sling-based open and closed kinetic knee extension exercises.
^†Significantly greater muscle activation () compared with the sling-based closed kinetic knee extension and hip adduction exercises.
^‡Significantly greater muscle activation () compared with the sling-based open kinetic knee extension and hip adduction exercises.