Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Research Article

[Retracted] The Antioxidant and Starch Hydrolase Inhibitory Activity of Ten Spices in an In Vitro Model of Digestion: Bioaccessibility of Anthocyanins and Carotenoids

Table 3

Changes to the ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assay values of the spices prior to digestion as well as after gastric and duodenal digestion. denotes statistically significant difference as compared with the respective values prior to in vitro digestion. Values represent mean ± SEM of 3 ≤ independent experiments.
SpiceABTS (µmol TE/g)DPPH (EC50, mg/kg)FRAP (µmol TE/g)
Prior Gastric Duodenal Prior Gastric Duodenal Prior Gastric Duodenal
Cloves198.7 ± 1.9195.9 ± 2.4197.2 ± 1.765.8 ± 2.567.8 ± 1.967.8 ± 2.72698 ± 102254 ± 192257 ± 11
Curry leaves182.4 ± 3.6182.4 ± 1.9185.8 ± 1.469.8 ± 1.864.8 ± 1.669.8 ± 2.42158 ± 112125 ± 142124 ± 16
Sweet cumin163.5 ± 2.4168.9 ± 1.7162.4 ± 1.475.4 ± 1.978.7 ± 4.574.9 ± 4.71759 ± 211758 ± 211747 ± 14
Cumin seeds152.4 ± 1.9152.0 ± 3.1155.9 ± 1.584.1 ± 1.788.5 ± 1.489.6 ± 1.71542 ± 141525 ± 201547 ± 19
Coriander144.2 ± 3.1148.9 ± 1.7149.5 ± 1.891.4 ± 2.597.8 ± 2.599.6 ± 2.81420 ± 131458 ± 141447 ± 21
Mustard124.7 ± 1.8125.4 ± 1.1122.5 ± 1.5110.2 ± 3.4115.9 ± 2.4112.8 ± 1.51025 ± 171014 ± 101189 ± 17
Fenugreek114.7 ± 1.9113.2 ± 1.4112.0 ± 1.9127.4 ± 2.5128.9 ± 1.7124.2 ± 1.41022 ± 12932 ± 101055 ± 19
Star anise92.5 ± 4.391.6 ± 1.891.8 ± 1.4178.4 ± 2.9177.2 ± 1.8178.9 ± 2.4954 ± 16947 ± 14957 ± 10
Cardamom64.2 ± 1.965.6 ± 1.852.9 ± 1.1188.7 ± 1.8187.4 ± 2.4188.9 ± 2.3847 ± 10841 ± 11858 ± 17
Nutmeg52.8 ± 1.453.9 ± 1.851.4 ± 1.1197.5 ± 4.5199.8 ± 4.7189.5 ± 4.8721 ± 16754 ± 19759 ± 14