Inhibitory Effects of Cytosolic Ca²⁺ Concentration by Ginsenoside Ro Are Dependent on Phosphorylation of IP₃RI and Dephosphorylation of ERK in Human Platelets

Figure 9

Effects of G-Ro on p-selectin expression. (a) The flow cytometry histograms on p-selectin expression. (A) Intact platelets (base); (B) thrombin (0.05 U/mL); (C) thrombin (0.05 U/mL) + G-Ro (50 μM); (D) thrombin (0.05 U/mL) + G-Ro (100 μM); (E) thrombin (0.05 U/mL) + G-Ro (200 μM); (F) thrombin (0.05 U/mL) + G-Ro (300 μM). (b) Effects of G-Ro on thrombin-induced p-selectin expression (%). (c) The flow cytometry histograms on p-selectin expression in the presence of A-kinase inhibitor (Rp-8-Br-cAMPS) and G-kinase inhibitor (Rp-8-Br-cGMPS). (A) Thrombin (0.05 U/mL) + G-Ro (300 μM) + Rp-8-Br-cAMPS (250 μM); (B) thrombin (0.05 U/mL) + G-Ro (300 μM) + Rp-8-Br-cGMPS (250 μM). (d) Effects of G-Ro on thrombin-induced p-selectin expression in the presence of A-kinase inhibitor (Rp-8-Br-cAMPS) and G-kinase inhibitor (Rp-8-Br-cGMPS) (%). Determination of p-selectin expression was carried out as described in “Section 2.” The data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (). versus the thrombin-stimulated human platelets; versus the thrombin-stimulated human platelets in the presence of G-Ro (300 μM).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)