Overcome Cancer Cell Drug Resistance Using Natural Products

Table 3

Natural products that can overcome drug resistance and inhibit apoptosis signaling.

Compound name	Dose	Drug target^1	Model cell	Chemodrug	IDS^2	Reference
Single compound
Curcumin	10 μM	Caspase-3	HCT8/5FU	5-Fluorouracil	10.1	[131]
Dihydroartemisinin	230 nM	Bcl-2, Bax, and Caspase-3	A549/DDP	Cisplatin	8.3	[132]
Elemene	10–30 μg/mL	GSH, Bcl-2, and Bad	Various	Various	2.2–3.7	[133–135]
Emodin	30 μM	p-EGFR and p-ERK	HCC827/GR	Gefitinib	6.0	[136]
Epigallocatechin gallate	80 μM	Bcl-2 and Bax	K562/A02	Doxorubicin	24.2	[137]
Ginsenoside Rh2	10 μM		A549/DDP	Cisplatin	3.5	[138]
Neferine	10 μM	Bcl-2	SGC7901/VCR	Vincristine	43.8	[139]
Parthenolide	20 μM	Survivin and Bcl-2	A549/GR	Gefitinib	8.7	[140]
Phenylpropanoid glycoside	40 μg/mL	Caspase-3	LoVo/ADR	Doxorubicin	9.9	[141]
Retinoic acid	1 μM	Bcl-2	MCF7/TAM	Tamoxifen	6.7	[142]
Tetrandrine	1.0 μg/mL	Bcl-2 and Bax	BIU-87/ADM	Doxorubicin	2.2	[143]
Herbal extract
Realgar	15 μg/mL	Bcl-2	MCF7/ADM	Doxorubicin	2.3	[144]

Levels of protein or mRNA or both were quantified.
IDS, increase in drug sensitivity (-fold).
IDS = IC50 in control group/IC50 in experimental group.