The Effects of Tai Chi on Peripheral Somatosensation, Balance, and Fitness in Hispanic Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Pilot and Feasibility Study
Table 2
Baseline and postintervention proprioception of patients with diabetes as well as referent data. Data are presented as means ± standard deviation.
Referent group
Diabetic group baseline
Diabetic group after intervention
Intervention group Cohen’s
Relative mean right ankle (°)
Dorsiflexion
0.85 ± 1.36
4.68 ± 2.75
2.10 ± 1.75
1.480
Plantarflexion
1.00 ± 0.98
2.20 ± 1.59
1.08 ± 0.76
1.211
Absolute mean right ankle (°)
Dorsiflexion
1.80 ± 0.70
4.98 ± 2.41
2.30 ± 1.64
1.738
Plantarflexion
1.45 ± 0.45
2.65 ± 1.24
1.30 ± 0.76
1.837
Relative mean left ankle (°)
Dorsiflexion
1.45 ± 0.64
3.95 ± 3.33
1.83 ± 1.78
1.173
Plantarflexion
0.58 ± 1.10
2.88 ± 2.25
1.00 ± 0.99
1.609
Absolute mean left ankle (°)
Dorsiflexion
1.60 ± 0.59
4.45 ± 2.85
1.93 ± 1.74
1.352
Plantarflexion
1.63 ± 0.46
3.08 ± 2.13
1.30 ± 0.83
1.527
Significant change between pre- and posttest for diabetic group (). Significant difference between referent group and diabetic group at baseline (). No significant differences remained at posttest between groups.
