Trigger Point Dry Needling and Proprioceptive Exercises for the Management of Chronic Ankle Instability: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Table 2
Baseline, final treatment session, and change scores for FAAM subscales and pain intensity.
Outcome group
Baseline
End of treatment
Within-group change scores
Between-group difference in change scores
FAAM-ADL subscale (0–100)
Proprioceptive/strengthening
87.3 ± 5.9
90.6 ± 7.2
3.3 (−1.4, 7.8)
8.2 (2.3, 14.1)
TrP-DN + proprioceptive/strengthening
83.9 ± 8.2
95.4 ± 5.5
11.5 (7.3, 15.6)
FAAM-SPORTS subscale (0–100)
Proprioceptive/strengthening
73.0 ± 13.9
81.0 ± 10.4
8.0 (4.0, 12.1)
12.1 (5.5, 18.9)
TrP-DN + proprioceptive/strengthening
71.6 ± 16.4
91.7 ± 9.0
20.1 (14.5, 25.9)
Ankle pain intensity (0–10)
Proprioceptive/strengthening
5.5 ± 0.9
3.5 ± 0.8
−2.0 (−2.5, −1.5)
2.4 (1.8, 3.1)
TrP-DN + proprioceptive/strengthening
5.8 ± 1.1
1.4 ± 1.0
−4.4 (−4.9, −4.0)
Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation for baseline and final means and as mean (95% confidence interval) for within- and between-group change scores. FAAM: Foot and Ankle Ability Measure.
