Progressive Muscle Relaxation Improves Anxiety and Depression of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Patients
Table 2
Baseline clinical characteristics of patients.
Control ()
PMR ()
PAH diagnosis (%)
Idiopathic
26 (44.1)
27 (49.1)
0.87
Congenital heart disease
19 (32.2)
16 (29.1)
Connective tissue disease
14 (23.7)
12 (21.8)
PAH therapy (%)
Monotherapy
34 (57.6)
30 (54.5)
0.89
Dual therapy
20 (33.9)
21 (38.2)
Triple therapy
5 (8.5)
4 (7.3)
Oxygen therapy
23 (39.0)
24 (43.6)
PAH-targeted medication
ET receptor antagonists
36 (61.0)
35 (63.6)
0.98
Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors
37 (62.7)
36 (65.5)
Prostanoids
10 (16.9)
8 (14.5)
Calcium channel blockers
9 (15.3)
9 (16.4)
Course of disease (years)
7.9 ± 5.2
7.5 ± 5.4
0.65
6MWD (meters)
374.9 ± 136.2
368.2 ± 143.5
0.87
WHO functional class (%)
I
3 (5.1)
2 (3.6)
0.92
II
24 (40.7)
22 (40.0)
III
32 (54.2)
31 (56.4)
Hypertension (%)
41 (69.5)
37 (67.3)
0.84
COPD (%)
18 (30.5)
19 (34.5)
0.69
Coronary heart disease (%)
15 (25.4)
12 (21.8)
0.67
Type II diabetes mellitus (%)
11 (18.6)
9 (16.4)
0.81
Sleep apnea (%)
9 (15.3)
10 (18.2)
0.80
Note: for continuous variables, all values were expressed as mean ± SD and Student’s -tests were performed to compare means between the groups. For categorical variables, all values were expressed as (%) and comparisons were performed with Chi-square tests. PAH: pulmonary arterial hypertension; 6MWD: 6-minute walk distance; WHO: World Health Organization; ET: endothelin; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
